Chapter 2

Question 1

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Answer 1

• part of the federal government that provides most nutritional advice and education

Question 2

adequacy

Answer 2

• intake of a particular nutrient that ensures the highest level of physiological functioning

Question 3

deficiency

Answer 3

• intake of a particular nutrient that is insufficient to ensure physiological functioning
• function declines

Question 4

toxicity

Answer 4

• intake of a particular nutrient beyond what is needed to meet physiological needs, and high enough to actually impair physiological functioning

Question 5

normal districution

Answer 5

• a frequency distribution in which most subjects are clustered around a central valnue
• most biological traits are distributed in this pattern within a population
• bell-shaped curve

Question 6

Estimated average requirement (EAR)

Answer 6

• the mean of nutrient requirements in a population

Question 7

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Answer 7

• a level of recommended intake set at two standard deviations from the EAR.
• Designed to meet the needs of 97 percent of the population

Question 8

standard deviation

Answer 8

• a statistical term relating the spread of values from the mean in a distribution
• describes how tightly grouped the distribution is

Question 9

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 9

• A value similar to the Recommended Dietary Allowance, but without as much scientific evidence behind it as the RDA

Question 10

Upper Limit (UL)

Answer 10

• The maximum intake of a particular nutrient that is safely tolerated.

Question 11

Pellegra

Answer 11

• a disease caused by deficiency of niacin, a B vitamin
• symptoms: Dermatitis, diarrheam dementia, and death”

Question 12

Proportionality

Answer 12

• Balance
• The relative quantities of various food groups needed to reach adequacy

Question 13

Saturated fat

Answer 13

• A type of fat with particular chemical characteristics, generally found in animal products
• High intakes have been linked to heart disease

Question 14

Cholestorol

Answer 14

• A type of lipid linked to heart disease

Question 15

Nutrient-density

Answer 15

• Relationship of nutrient content to energy content of a good
• A high nutrient density food provides a large quantity of nutrients for the number of calories

Question 16

If you are over age 50

Answer 16

Take B-12

Question 17

If you are a woman who may become pregnant

Answer 17

Eat foods high in hemeiron

Question 18

How many cups of fruit should you eat?

Answer 18

2 cups

Question 19

How many cups of vegetables should you eat?

Answer 19

• 2 1/2 cups

Question 20

Whole grain products

Answer 20

• eat 3 or more ounce of whole grain products per day

Question 21

Milk Products

Answer 21

• Eat 3 cups of non-fant or low-fat milk products per day

Question 22

How much saturated fat?

Answer 22

• Less than 10 percent of your total calories

Question 23

How much cholestorol

Answer 23

• Less than 300 milligrams per day

Question 24

How much total fat intake?

Answer 24

• 20-35 percent of calories

Question 25

How much sodium per day?

Answer 25

* 2300 milligrams per day

Question 26

How much alcohol per day?

Answer 26

* 1 drink for women * 2 drinks for men

Question 27

What should be the greatest proportion of your diet?

Answer 27

Grains

Question 28

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 28

* part of the federal government that ensures safety of the food supply and regulates most food labeling

Question 29

-ose

Answer 29

* a carbohydrate and usually a sugar

Question 30

Daily Value

Answer 30

* A value for daily intake usually based on the highest RDA and a 2000 or 2500 kcal diet. * Used in food labeling to estimate the contribution of that food to the total diet