Chapter 2 Flashcards by Analyn Schwebach

State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following:

A patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C.

A physician orders 1.5 g of cefuroxime for injection.

A physician orders 1 L of a sodium chloride solution to be given intravenously.

A medication is to be given to a patient every 4 h.

A degree Celsius is a unit of temperature.

A gram is a unit of mass.

A liter is a unit of volume.

An hour is a unit of time.

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State the names and types of measurements for an infant that is 54.6 cm long with a mass of 5.2 kg.

A centimeter (cm) is a unit of length. A kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass.

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Write the abbreviation for each of the following:

gram

degree Celsius

liter

pound

second

°C

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State the type of measurement in each of the following statements:

I put 12 L of gasoline in my gas tank.

My friend is 170 cm tall.

Earth is 385 000 km away from the Moon.

The horse won the race by 1.2 s.

volume

length

time

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State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities:

4.8 m

325 g

1.5 mL

4.8x10^2s

28 °C

meter, length

gram, mass

milliliter, volume

second, time

degree Celsius, temperature

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On a typical day, medical personnel may encounter several situations involving measurement. State the name and typeofmeasurement indicated by the units in each of the following:

The clotting time for a blood sample is 12 s.

A premature baby weighs 2.0 kg.

An antacid tablet contains 1.0 g of calcium carbonate.

An infant has a temperature of 39.2 °C.

second, time

kilogram, mass

gram, mass

degree Celsius, temperature

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Identify each of the following numbers as measured or exact, and give the number of significant figures (SFs) in each of the measured numbers:

0.170 L

4 knives

6.3×10^−6s

1m=100cm

measured; three SFs

exact

measured; two SFs

exact

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Identify each of the following numbers as measured or exact and give the number of significant figures (SFs) in each of the measured numbers:

0.020 80 kg

5.06×10^4h

4 chemistry books

85 600 s

measured; four SFs

measured; three SFs

exact

measured; three SFs

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How many significant figures are in each of the following?

11.005 g

0.000 32 m

36 000 000 km

1.80×10^4kg

0.8250 L

30.0 °C

five SFs

two SFs

three SFs

four SFs

three SFs

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In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures?

11.0 m and 11.00 m

0.0250 m and 0.205 m

0.000 12 s and 12 000 s

250.0 L and 2.5×10^−2L

b and c

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Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements:

0.0038 m

5.04 cm

3.0×10^−3kg

85 000 g

not significant

significant

not significant

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Write each of the following in scientific notation with two significant figures:

5000 L

30 000 g

100 000 m

0.000 25 cm

5.0x10^3 L
3.0x10^4 g
1.0x10^5 m
2.5x10^-4 cm

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Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact:

A patient has a mass of 67.5 kg.

A patient is given 2 tablets of medication.

In the metric system, 1 L is equal to 1000 mL.

The distance from Denver, Colorado, to Houston, Texas, is 1720 km.

measured

exact

measured

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Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers:

3 hamburgers and 6 oz of hamburger

1 table and 4 chairs

0.75 lb of grapes and 350 g of butter

60s=1min

6 oz

none

0.75 lb, 350 g

none (definitions are exact)

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Identify each of the following as measured or exact, and give the number of significant figures (SFs) in each measured number:

The mass of a neonate is 1.607 kg.

The Daily Value (DV) for iodine for an infant is 130 mcg.

There are 4.02×10^6 red blood cells in a blood sample.

In November, 23 babies were born in a hospital.

measured, four SFs

measured, two SFs

measured, three SFs

exact

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Round off or add zeros to each of the following measurements to give three significant figures

35.7823 m

0.002 621 7 L

3.8268×10^3g

8 s

35.8 m

0.002 62 L

3.83×10^3g

8.00 s

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Round off each of the measurements in to two significant figures.

35.7823 m

0.002 621 7 L

3.8268×10^3g

8 s

36 m

0.0026 L

3.8×10^3g

8.0 s

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Perform the following calculations with measured numbers, and give the answers with the correct number of significant figures:

45.26×0.01088

2.6÷324

0.4924

0.0080 or 8.0×10^−3

2.0

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Perform the following calculations with measured numbers, and give each answer with the correct number of decimal places:

82.45+1.245+0.00056

4.259−3.8

83.70

0.5

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Round off each of the following calculator answers to three significant figures:

1.854 kg

88.2038 L

0.004 738 265 cm

8807 m

1.832×10^5s

1.85 kg

88.2 L

0.004 74 cm

8810 m

1.83x10^5 s

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Round off or add zeros to each of the following to three significant figures:

56.855 m

0.002 282 g

11 527 s

8.1 L

56.9 m

0.002 28 g

11 500 s (1.15×10^4s)

8.10 L

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Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of decimal places:

45.48+8.057

23.45+104.1+0.025

145.675−24.2

1.08−0.585

2300+196.11

145.111−22.9+34.49

53.54

127.6

121.5

0.50

2500

156.7

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1m=___mm

1cm=___mm

1m=1000mm

1cm=10mm

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What is the relationship between millimeters and micrometers?

What is the relationship between liters and centiliters?

1mm=1000𝜇m (mcm)

1L=100cL

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Write the abbreviation for each of the following units: milligram deciliter kilometer picogram

mg dL km pg

Write the complete name for each of the following units: cL kg ms Pm

centiliter kilogram millisecond petameter

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes: centi tera milli deci

0.01 10^12 0.001 0.1

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following: 0.1 g 10^−6g 1000 g 0.01 g

decigram microgram kilogram centigram

Complete each of the following metric relationships: 1m=___cm 1m=___nm 1mm=___m 1L=___mL

100 cm 1×10^9nm 0.001 m 1000 mL

For each of the following pairs, which is the larger unit? milligram or kilogram milliliter or microliter m or km kL or dL nanometer or picometer

kilogram milliliter km kL nanometer

Write the equality and two conversion factors, and identify each number as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: The medication that Greg takes for his high blood pressure contains 40. mg of propranolol in 1 tablet. Cold-water fish such as salmon contains 1.9% omega-3 fatty acids by mass. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set the maximum level for mercury in tuna at 0.5 ppm.

1 tablet = 40 mg of propranolol 40mg propranolol/1tab and 1tab/40mg propranolol The 40mg is measured: it has two sfs/ The 1 tablet is exact 100g of salmon = 1.9g of omega-3 fatty acids 1.9g omega-3 fatty acids/100g salmon (and vice versa) The 1.9g is measured: it has two sfs, the 100g is exact 1kg of tuna = 0.5mg of mercury 0.5mg mercury/1kg tuna (and vice versa) The 0.5 is measures: it has 1 sf. The 1kg is exact

Write the equality and its corresponding conversion factors, and identify each number as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: Levsin (hyoscyamine), used to treat stomach and bladder problems, is available as drops with 0.125 mg of Levsin per 1 mL of solution. The EPA has set the maximum level of cadmium in rice as 0.4 ppm.

1 mL of solution=0.125mg of Levsin 0.125mg Levsin/1mL solution and 1mL solution/0.125mg Levsin The 0.125 mg is measured: It has three significant figures. The 1 mL is exact. 1 kg of rice=0.4m of cadmium 0.4mg cadmium/1kg rice and 1kg rice/0.4mg cadmium The 0.4 mg is measured: It has one significant figure. The 1 kg is exact.

Why can two conversion factors be written for an equality such as 1m=100cm?

A conversion factor can be inverted to give a second conversion factor.

Write the equality and two conversion factors for each of the following pairs of units: centimeters and meters nanograms and grams liters and kiloliters seconds and milliseconds millimeters and decimeters

1m=100cm; 100cm/1m or 1m/100cm 1g=1x10^9ng 1kL=1000L 1s=1000ms 1dm=100mm

Write the equality and two conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: One yard is 3 ft. One kilogram is 2.20 lb. A car goes 27 mi on 1 gal of gas. Sterling silver is 93% silver by mass. One minute is 60 s.

1yd=3ft; 3ft/yd and 1yd/3ft 1kg=2.20lb 1gal=27mi 100g of sterling=93g of silver 1min=60s

A total of 2500 mL of a boric acid antiseptic solution is prepared from boric acid concentrate. How many quarts of boric acid have been prepared? A vial contains 65 mg of phenobarbital per 1 mL of solution. How many milliliters are needed for an order of 40. mg of phenobarbital?

2.6 qt 0.62 mL

Greg has been diagnosed with diminished thyroid function. His doctor prescribes a dosage of 0.150 mg of Synthroid to be taken once a day. If tablets in stock contain 75 mcg of Synthroid, how many tablets are required to provide the prescribed medication?

2 tablets

A bottle contains 120 mL of cough syrup. If one teaspoon (5 mL) is given four times a day, how many days will elapse before a refill is needed? A patient is given a solution containing 0.625 g of calcium carbonate. If the calcium carbonate solution contains 1250 mg per 5 mL, how many milliliters of the solution were given to the patient?

6 days 2.5 mL

A person who exercises regularly has 16% body fat by mass. If this person weighs 155 lb, what is the mass, in kilograms, of body fat?

11kg of body fat

A package contains 1.33 lb of ground round. If it contains 15% fat, how many grams of fat are in the ground round? A cream contains 4.0% (by mass) lidocaine to relieve back pain. If a patient uses 12 grams of cream, how many milligrams of lidocaine are used?

91 g of fat 480 mg

Perform each of the following conversions using metric conversion factors: 44.2 mL to liters 8.65 m to nanometers 5.2×10^8g to megagrams 0.72 ks to milliseconds

0.0442 L 8.65×10^9nm 5.2×10^2Mg 7.2×10^5ms

Perform each of the following conversions using metric and U.S. conversion factors: 3.428 lb to kilograms 1.6 m to inches 4.2 L to quarts 0.672 ft to millimeters

1.56 kg 63 in. 4.5 qt 205 mm

Use metric conversion factors to solve each of the following problems: If a student is 175 cm tall, how tall is the student in meters? A cooler has a volume of 5000 mL. What is the capacity of the cooler in liters? A hummingbird has a mass of 0.0055 kg. What is the mass, in grams, of the hummingbird? A balloon has a volume of 3500cm^3. What is the volume in liters?

1.75 m 5 L 5.5 g 3.5 L

Solve each of the following problems using one or more conversion factors: A container holds 0.500 qt of liquid. How many milliliters of lemonade will it hold? What is the mass, in kilograms, of a person who weighs 175 lb? An athlete has 15% body fat by mass. What is the weight of fat, in pounds, of a 74-kg athlete? A plant fertilizer contains 15% nitrogen (N) by mass. In a container of soluble plant food, there are 10.0 oz of fertilizer. How many grams of nitrogen are in the container?

473 mL 79.5 kg 24 lb 43 g

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: You have used 250 L of distilled water for a dialysis patient. How many gallons of water is that? A patient needs 0.024 g of a sulfa drug. There are 8-mg tablets in stock. How many tablets should be given? The daily dose of ampicillin for the treatment of an ear infection is 115 mg/kg of body weight. What is the daily dose for a 34-lb child? You need 4.0 oz of a steroid ointment. How many grams of ointment does the pharmacist need to prepare?

66 gal 3 tablets 1800 mg 110 g

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: A nurse practitioner prepares 500. mL of an IV of normal saline solution to be delivered at a rate of 80. mL/h. What is the infusion time, in hours, to deliver 500. mL? A nurse practitioner orders Medrol to be given 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. Medrol is an anti-inflammatory administered as an intramuscular injection. If a child weighs 72.6 lb and the available stock of Medrol is 20. mg/mL, how many milliliters does the nurse administer to the child?

6.3 h 2.5 mL

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a type of cholesterol, sometimes called “good cholesterol,” that is measured in a routine blood test. If a 0.258-g sample of HDL has a volume of 0.215 mL, what is the density, in grams per milliliter, of the HDL sample?

1.20 g/mL

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), sometimes called “bad cholesterol,” is also measured in a routine blood test. If a 0.380-g sample of LDL has a volume of 0.362 mL, what is the density, in grams per milliliter, of the LDL sample? Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone deteriorates to cause a decreased bone mass. If a bone sample has a mass of 2.15 g and a volume of 1.40cm^3, what is its density in grams per cubic centimeter?

1.05 g/mL 1.54g/cm^3

Greg has a blood volume of 5.9 qt. If the density of blood is 1.06 g/mL, what is the mass, in grams, of Greg’s blood?

5900g of blood

During surgery, a patient receives 3.0 pt of blood. How many kilograms of blood (density=1.06g/mL) were needed for the transfusion? A woman receives 1280 g of type A blood. If the blood has a density of 1.06 g/mL, how many liters of blood did she receive?

1.5 kg 1.21 L

Determine the density (g/mL) for each of the following: A 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution has a mass of 24.0 g. A cube of butter weighs 0.250 lb and has a volume of 130.3 mL. A gem has a mass of 4.50 g. When the gem is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 12.00 mL of water, the water level rises to 13.45 mL. A 3.00-mL sample of a medication has a mass of 3.85 g.

1.20 g/mL 0.871 g/mL 3.10 g/mL 1.28 g/mL

What is the density (g/mL) of each of the following samples? A lightweight head on a golf club is made of titanium. The volume of a sample of titanium is 114cm cubed and the mass is 514.1 g. A syrup is added to an empty container with a mass of 115.25 g. When 0.100 pt of syrup is added, the total mass of the container and syrup is 182.48 g. A block of aluminum metal has a volume of 3.15 L and a mass of 8.51 kg.

4.51 g/mL 1.42 g/mL 2.70 g/mL

Use the density values in Table 2.9 to solve each of the following problems: How many liters of ethanol contain 1.50 kg of ethanol? How many grams of mercury are present in a barometer that holds 6.5 mL of mercury? A sculptor has prepared a mold for casting a silver figure. The figure has a volume of 225cm cubed. How many ounces of silver are needed in the preparation of the silver figure?

1.9 L of ethanol 88 g of mercury 83.3 oz of silver

Use the density values in Table 2.9 to solve each of the following problems: What is the mass, in grams, of a cube of copper that has a volume of 74.1cm cubed How many kilograms of gasoline fill a 12.0-gal gas tank? What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of an ice cube that has a mass of 27 g?

661 g 34 kg 29cm cubed

In an old trunk, you find a piece of metal that you think may be aluminum, silver, or lead. You take it to a lab, where you find it has a mass of 217 g and a volume of 19.2cm cubed. Using Table 2.9, what is the metal you found?

Because we calculate the density to be 11.3g/cm cubed, we identify the metal as lead.

Solve each of the following problems: A urine sample has a density of 1.030 g/mL. What is the specific gravity of the sample? A 20.0-mL sample of a glucose IV solution has a mass of 20.6 g. What is the density of the glucose solution? The specific gravity of a vegetable oil is 0.92. What is the mass, in grams, of 750 mL of vegetable oil? A bottle containing 325 g of cleaning solution is used to clean hospital equipment. If the cleaning solution has a specific gravity of 0.850, what volume, in milliliters, of solution was used?

1.03 1.03 g/mL 690 g 382 mL

The normal range for serum iron in men is 80 to 160 mcg/dL. Greg’s iron test shows a blood serum iron level of 42 mcg/dL, which indicates that Greg has iron-deficiency anemia. His doctor orders an iron supplement. One tablet of the iron supplement contains 50 mg of iron. Write an equality and two conversion factors for Greg’s serum iron level. How many micrograms of iron were in the 8.0-mL sample of Greg’s blood?

1dL of blood = 42 mcg of iron; 42mcg iron/1dL blood and vice versa 3.4 mcg of iron

Round off each of the following to three significant figures: 3.608 92 L 0.003 870 298 m 6 g

3.61 L 0.003 87 m 6.00 g

State the number of significant figures in each of the following: 0.003 045 mm 15 000 m 45.067 kg 5.30×10^3g 2 cans of soda

four SFs two SFs five SFs three SFs exact

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? (2.2) 2.0500 m and 0.0205 m 600.0 K and 60 K 0.000 75 s and 75 000 s 6.240 L and 6.240x10^-2L

c and d

Indicate if each of the following is answered with an exact number or a measured number: number of legs height of table number of chairs at the table area of tabletop

exact measured exact measured

The length of this rug is 38.4 in. and the width is 24.2 in. What is the length of this rug, in centimeters? What is the width of this rug, in centimeters? How many significant figures are in the length measurement? Calculate the area of the rug, in square centimeters, to the correct number of significant figures

97.5 cm 61.5 cm three SFs 6.00×10^3 cm squared

A dessert contains 137.25 g of vanilla ice cream, 84 g of fudge sauce, and 43.7 g of nuts. What is the total mass, in grams, of the dessert? What is the total weight, in pounds, of the dessert?

265 g 0.584 lb

In France, grapes are 1.95 euros per kilogram. What is the cost of grapes, in dollars per pound, if the exchange rate is 1.14 dollars/euro?

$1.01 per lb

Bill’s recipe for onion soup calls for 4.0 lb of thinly sliced onions. If an onion has an average mass of 115 g, how many onions does Bill need?

16 onions

During a workout at the gym, you set the treadmill at a pace of 55.0 m/min. How many minutes will you walk if you cover a distance of 7500 ft?

42 min

The water level in a graduated cylinder initially at 215 mL rises to 285 mL after a piece of lead is submerged. What is the mass, in grams, of the lead (see Table 2.9)

790g

How many milliliters of gasoline have a mass of 1.2 kg (see Table 2.9)

1600mL

The following nutrition information is listed on a box of crackers: Serving size 0.50 oz (6 crackers) Fat 4 g per serving; Sodium 140 mg per serving If the box has a net weight (contents only) of 8.0 oz, about how many crackers are in the box? If you ate 10 crackers, how many ounces of fat did you consume? How many servings of crackers in part a would it take to obtain the Daily Value (DV) for sodium, which is 2.4 g?

96 crackers 0.2 oz of fat 17 servings

To treat a bacterial infection, a doctor orders 4 tablets of amoxicillin per day for 10 days. If each tablet contains 250 mg of amoxicillin, how many ounces of the medication are given in 10 days?

0.35oz

A doctor orders 5.0 mL of phenobarbital elixir. If the phenobarbital elixir is available as 30. mg per 7.5 mL, how many milligrams is given to the patient?

20mg

A balance measures mass to 0.001 g. If you determine the mass of an object that weighs about 31 g, would you record the mass as 31 g, 31.1 g, 31.08 g, 31.075 g, or 31.0750? Explain your choice by writing two to three complete sentences that describe your thinking.

You would record the mass as 31.075 g. Because the balance will weigh to the nearest 0.001 g, the mass value would be reported to 0.001 g.

A car travels at 55 mi/h and gets 11 km/L of gasoline. How many gallons of gasoline are needed for a 3.0-h trip?

6.4gal

How many milliliters of olive oil have the same mass as 1.50 L of gasoline (see table 2.9)

1200mL

An athlete with a body mass of 65 kg has 3.0% body fat. How many pounds of body fat does that person have? In liposuction, a doctor removes fat deposits from a person’s body. If body fat has a density of 0.909 g/mL and 3.0 L of fat is removed, how many pounds of fat were removed from the patient?

4.3 lb of body fat 6.0 lb

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)