Chapter 2

Question 1

C

Answer 1

Carbon-backbone of organic compounds

Question 2

H

Answer 2

Hydrogen- component of many compounds

Question 3

O

Answer 3

Oxygen-Needed to break glucose to produce energy for the body

Question 4

N

Answer 4

Nitrogen-Component of amino acids that make proteins

Question 5

Ca

Answer 5

Calcium- Inorganic component of bone, also needed for muscle contracting and blood clotting and nerve impulses

Question 6

P

Answer 6

Phosphorus- inorganic component of bone, component of DNA and ATP

Question 7

K

Answer 7

Potassium- present inside of cell as K+, required for nerve impulses

Question 8

Na

Answer 8

Sodium- present outside the cell as Na+, required for nerve impulses

Question 9

Fe

Answer 9

Iron-Transport oxygen(in hemoglobin)

Question 10

Mg

Answer 10

Magnesium- required for normal body metabolism

Question 11

S

Answer 11

Sulfur- component of many proteins

Question 12

Ionic Bond

Answer 12

Attraction of positive and negative ions

Question 13

Salts

Answer 13

Ionic compounds

Question 14

Cation

Answer 14

Atoms that have lost an electron and become positively charged ion(has less electrons)

Question 15

Anion

Answer 15

Atoms that have gained and electron and become negatively charged ion (has more electrons)

Question 16

Electron

Answer 16

Negative(-)

Question 17

Proton

Answer 17

Positive(+)

Question 18

Neutron

Answer 18

Neutral(=)

Question 19

Covalent Bond

Answer 19

When atoms share electrons(strong bond)

Question 20

Polar Bond

Answer 20

Covalent bond- Atoms share electrons unequally

Question 21

Nonpolar Bond

Answer 21

Covalent bond- atoms share electrons equally (strong bond)

Question 22

Solvent

Answer 22

Substance doing the dissolving

Question 23

Solute

Answer 23

the Substances being dissolved

Question 24

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 24

Weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative hydrogen atom

Question 25

Lipoproteins

Answer 25

Type of protein that surrounds fat allowing it to be carried in blood

Question 26

Metabolism

Answer 26

The sum of chemical reactions in the body

Question 27

Anabolism

Answer 27

A + B -> AB Synthesis of new molecules in cell body

Question 28

Catabolism

Answer 28

AB -> A + B Decomposition reactions in cell body

Question 29

Exergonic

Answer 29

Release energy (ex:catabolism)

Question 30

Endergonic

Answer 30

Requires Energy(ex:anabolism)

Question 31

Hydrolysis (Decomposition Reaction)

Answer 31

AB + H2O —> AH + BOH Adding water to break down bonds (Catabolism)

Question 32

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 32

AH + BOH —> AB + H2O Removing water to build bonds (Anabolism)

Question 34

Human Blood pH

Answer 34

7.35-7.45

Question 35

pH

Answer 35

Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on a scale of 1-14

Question 36

Buffers

Answer 36

Weak acid or weak base used to bring acidity or alkalinity to

Question 37

Organic compounds (atoms)

Answer 37

Carbon and hydrogen backbone

Question 38

Inorganic

Answer 38

Contain carbon dioxide(CO2), Oxygen, Water, salts, bases and inorganic compounds Do not need to contain C and H

Question 39

Carbohydrate

Answer 39

Ratio 1:2:1 Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 40

Monosaccharides (names)

Answer 40

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 41

Polysaccharides(name)

Answer 41

Glycogen, Starches, Cellulose

Question 42

Disaccharides(names)

Answer 42

Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose

Question 43

Protein- Primary Structure

Answer 43

Sequence of amino acids - a Linear chain held together by peptide bonds

Question 44

Protein- Secondary Structure

Answer 44

Helix or pleated sheet

Question 45

Protein- Tertiary Structure

Answer 45

3-D fold of the helices and sheets into a shape(one chain of AA)

Question 46

Protein- Quaternary Structure

Answer 46

More than one AA Chain put together to form one larger structure