Covariance of independent variables:
ZERO
Population Mean:
E(X)=Summation of xi*pi
Sample Mean:
xbar=1/n*Summation of xi
Population Variance:
Var(X)=E(X-E(X))^2
Sample Variance:
Var(x)head=1/(n-1)*Summation of (xi-xbar)^2
Population Covariance:
Cov(X,Y)=E((X-E(X))*(Y-E(Y)))
Sample Covariance:
Cov(X,Y)head=1/(n-1)*Summation of (xi-xbar)(yi-ybar)
Population Correlation Coefficient:
Corr(X,Y)=Cov(X,Y)/Square of (Var(X)*Var(Y))
Sample Correlation Coefficient:
Corr(X,Y)head=Cov(X,Y)head/Square of (Var(X)head*Var(X)head)