Who are Hans and Zacharias Janssen?
Created the first compound light microscope
Who was Robber Hooke?
Looked at cork through a microscope and called the tiny compartments or dead cork cells cellulae
Who was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek?
Obserbed diverse protists, sperm cells and bacteria and called them “little animalcules”
Who was Robert Brown?
Noticed a discrete, spherical body inside some cells which he called a nucleus
Who was Matthias Schleinden?
Suggested that the nucleus was significant to cell development
Who was Theodore Schwann?
Founder of modern histology
Who was Rudolf Virchow?
Announces that cells come from other cells
What are the 3 components for Cell Theory?
1, All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
3. Cells arises only from the division of preexisting cells
What are the 2 types of Microscopes?
- Light microscopes
- Electron microscopes
What is Magnification?
The ratio of the object as viewed under a microscope to its real size
What is Resolution?
Minimus distance two points can be separated on the specimen and can still be seen as two points
Why are cells so small?
Cell size is limited by surface area to volume ratios, at some point increasing the surface area is not enough for the growing volume and the cell must divide
What is the Plasma Membrane?
A membrane surrounding all cells made up of a bilayer of lipids with embedded protein molecules
What is the Nucleus?
Contains DNA molecules that store hereditary information (genes), proteins and enzymes for transcription
What is the Cytoplasm?
Between the Plasma membrane and Nucleus, where metabolic processes occur
What is the cell wall?
Surrounds the plasma membrane in Prokaryotic cells coated with polysaccharides (glycocalyx) when loosely attached its called the slime layer and when firmly attached its called a capsule
What is the Flagella?
Pushed the cell, often bacteria and archaeans through liquid medium
What is the endo-membrane system?
Divides eukaryotic cells into functional and structural compartments
What is Exocytosis?
Proteins to be secreated from the cell are transported to the membrane in secretory vesicle which release their contents to the exterior and the membrane of the vesicle fuses with and becomes part of the membrane
What is Endocytosis?
process of bringing in molecules into the cell, the plasma membrane forms a pocket which bulges inwards and pinches off into the cytoplasm as an endocytic vesicle which carry material to the Golgi complex
Are lysosomes found in plant and animal cells?
No only animal cells, plant cells only have a central vacuole
What is the Mitochondria’s function?
Cellular Respiration
What are the 3 Specialized structures what organize cells?
- Cell adhesion molecules, bind cells together
- Cell Junctions, seals the spaces and provides direct communication between cells
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) supports and protects cells
What are the 3 types of Cell Junctions?
- Anchoring junctions, weld adjacent cells together most common in tissues that are subjected to stretching
- Tight junctions, regions of tight connections between membranes of adjacent cells
3.Gap junctions, allows ions and small molecules to pass though direct channels fron one cell to another
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Chapter 1 Defining Life and its Origins20
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Chapter 2 The Cells24
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Chapter 3 Cell Membrane & Signaling36
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Chapter 4 Cell Cycles21
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Chapter 4 Pt 2 Sexual Reproduction. Meiosis and Intro to Genetics20
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Chapter 5 Photosynthesis9
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Chapter 5 pt 2 Cellular Respiration24
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Chapter 6 Energy and Enzymes15
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Chapter 7 Intro to Genetics cont17
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Chapter 8 Gene Expression at the molecular level25
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Chapter 9 The Principles of Evolutionary Change1
