What are Algal Blooms?
Single-celled organisms invisible to the naked eye and under favourable conditions for cell division can create a very large population reducing water clarity, oxygen and produce toxins.
What is binary fission?
Division of prokaryotic cells that involve coordinated cytoplasmic growth, DNA replication and cell division to produce 2 daughter cells
What are the 3 stages of the Bacterial Cell Cycle?
B Period, growth
C Period, DNA synthesis followed by the migration of the new chromosome to the opposite ends of the cell
D Period, plasma membrane pinches inwards forming 2 daughter cells
when resources are plenty B period is skipped
What is Mitosis?
Divides and replicated DNA equally and precisely, a form of nuclear division
What are Chromosomes?
Nuclear units of genetic information that are divided and distributed by mitotic cell division
What is Ploidy?
The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species
Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)
What is the Centromere?
Region where sister chromatids are attached
What is the Kinetochore?
Complex of proteins to which the microtubules or spindles attach to
What is the Centriole?
Cylindrical structure made up of 9 triplets of microtubules
What is the Centrosome
Region in the cytoplasm that consists of 2 centrioles at right angles what forms the spindle apparatus during cell division
What are sister chromatids?
Result of DNA replication when each individual chromosome creates two identical molecules
What are the 3 phases of Interphase
G1 phase, growth
S phase, DNA replication
G2 phase, cell growth continues
What are the 5 stages of Mitosis following Interphase
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What forms during Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
In plant cells a cell plate forms
In animal cells a cleavage furrow forms
Is there centrosomes in plant cells?
No, spindles form from microtublets
What are the 2 mechanisms of moving chromosomes?
- Kinetochore microtubules, connect chromosome to spindle poles
- Non-kinetochore microtubules, extend between spindle poled without connecting to chromosomes
Are chromosomes pulled towards the poles?
No, chromosomes will climb the microtubules towards the pole
What is an example of Asymmetric cell division?
When a stem cell divides it will create another stem cell and a progenitor cell, the stem cell with continue to divide while the progenitor with move on to do a different function
What is cellular senescence
a cells loss of proliferative ability over time, loosing their ability to divide
What is it called when cancer cells break loose from their original tomour?
Metastasis
What is Apotosis?
Programmed cell death
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Chapter 1 Defining Life and its Origins20
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Chapter 2 The Cells24
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Chapter 3 Cell Membrane & Signaling36
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Chapter 4 Cell Cycles21
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Chapter 4 Pt 2 Sexual Reproduction. Meiosis and Intro to Genetics20
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Chapter 5 Photosynthesis9
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Chapter 5 pt 2 Cellular Respiration24
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Chapter 6 Energy and Enzymes15
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Chapter 7 Intro to Genetics cont17
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Chapter 8 Gene Expression at the molecular level25
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Chapter 9 The Principles of Evolutionary Change1
