Chapter 22- Cloning

Question 1

Process which plants reproduce asexually by e.g suckers?

Answer 1

vegetative propagation (natural cloning)

Question 2

Process of cloning plants by tissue culture?

Answer 2

• plant material obtained from meristem/ tip of shoot
• cut plant material into explants
• sterilise explant with bleach/ alcohol
• place in growth medium containing glucose, amino acids, nitrates, phosphates
• high amounts of cytokinins and auxins to form callus
• callus (mass of undifferentaited totipotent cells)forms
• subdivide callus
• treat to induce shoots/roots by changing plant hormone ratio
• transfer to greenhouse/ soil

Question 3

Adv of cloning plants by tissue culture?

Answer 3

• quick
• disease free
• can save rare species from extinction
• plants have same features
• can reproduce infertile plants/ plants that are hard to grow from seeds

Question 4

Disadv of cloning plants by tissue culture?

Answer 4

• expensive
• labour intesive
• little genetic variation
• all offspring suscpetible to same disease