Chapter 22: The Shoulder Complex

Question 1

three projections of scapula

Answer 1

• spine
• acromion
• coracoid process

Question 2

joints of shoulder

Answer 2

• sternoclavicular
• acromioclavicular
• glenohumeral
• scapulothoracic

Question 2

GO OVER LIGAMENTS IN TRAIL GUIDE

Question 2

nerve supply:

Answer 2

• brachial plexus: C5-T1 (Axillary, musculocutaneous, subscapular, dorsal scapular, pectoral, radial)

Question 3

blood supply:

Answer 3

• subclavian artery
• brachial artery

Question 4

scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 4

• movement of scapula relative to the humerus
• 0-30°: “setting phase” – no scapular motion
• 30-90°: 1° scapular upward rotation for every 2° humeral elevation
• 90-180°: 1° scapular upward rotation for every 1° humeral elevation

Question 5

tests for thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 5

• adson’s test
• allen test
• military brace position
• Roo’s test

Question 6

congenital deformity in which the scapula does not descend (abnormally elevated)

Answer 6

sprengel’s deformity

Question 7

what causes scapular winging

Answer 7

o Vertebral borders do not sit flat on thorax
o Weak peri- scapular muscles: (Serratus anterior, middle/lower trapezius)
- Tight pectoralis minor

Question 8

mechanical compression in shoulder due to decrease in space under the coracoacromial

Answer 8

shoulder impingement

Question 9

abnormal movement of the scapula

Answer 9

scapular dyskinesis

Question 10

most common inflammed bursa in shoulder

Answer 10

• subacrombial bursa

Question 11

contracted and thickened joint capsule that is tight around the humeral head with little synovial fluid

Answer 11

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Question 12

irritation of both the tendon and its synovial sheath as it passes under the transverse humeral ligament in the bicipital groove

Answer 12

bicipital tenosynovitis

Question 13

compression of brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein

Answer 13

thoracic outlet system
any can result in this:
o Costoclavicular syndrome: compression in the narrow space between first rib and clavicle
o Compression between anterior and middle scalenes
o Compression by pectoralis minor (as bundle goes beneath coracoid or b/w clavicle and first rib)
o Presence of a cervical rib

Question 14

phases of throwing

Answer 14

1. windup
   - lasts from first movement until ball leaves the gloved opposite hand; lead foot strides forward
   - both shoulders: ABD, ER, horizontally ABD
2. cocking
   - lasts from when hands separate until maximum ER of humerus has occurred
   - lead foot comes in contact with the ground
3. arm acceleration
   - lasts from maximum ER until ball release
   - humerus: ABD, horiz. ABD, IR
   - scap: elevates, ABD, rotatus upward
4. arm deceleration
   - lasts from ball release until maximum shoulder IR
   - rhomboids contract eccentrically to decelerate scap
5. follow-through
   - lasts from maximum shoulder IR until end of motion (athlete in balanced position)