Chapter 7: Protective Equipment

Question 1

regarding equipment, if an injury occurs as a result of an individual using a piece of equipment that is determined to be defective or inadequat for its intended purpose, who is liable?

Answer 1

the manufacturer

Question 2

who becomes liable if that protective equipment is modified

Answer 2

the person who modified the equipment (best way to avoid is to follow manufacturers exact instructions)

Question 3

what does NOCSAE stand for and do

Answer 3

national operating committee on standards for athletic equipment; organization that has established voluntary test standards to reduce head injuries by establishing minimum safety requirements for certain equipment

Question 4

T/F the NOCSAE is not a warranty but rather a statement that a particular helmet model met requirements of performance tests when it was manufactured or reconditioned.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

T/F Football helmets do not need to be NOCSAE certified

Answer 5

false; they do

Question 6

what must each helmet have visible?

Answer 6

warning sign/label ensuring that players have been made aware of the risks involved in the game of football (NOCSAE) (also for baseball and other sports); hockey has to be warning approved by HECC or ASTM)

Question 7

what sports (positions) are throat injuries most common in and should require throat protection?

Answer 7

baseball catchers, lacrosse goalies, hockey players (esp. goalies)

Question 8

T/F: The NCAAA mandates that all players wear a properly manufactured mouth guard

Answer 8

true; if not will be charged with a timeout

Question 9

if an athlete must wear glasses what are the rules for that?

Answer 9

• should wear polycarbonate lenses (virtually unbreakable)
• if glass lenses, must be case-hardened to prevent from splintering on impact

Question 10

what are the two types of shoulder pads

Answer 10

• cantilevered: which use a suspension system to disperse impact onto pads rather than shoulder (good for linemen), provides less ROM because more protection
• noncantilevered (flat): which are flatter, lighter, and designed for mobility-focused players like quarterbacks and wide receivers

Question 11

running shoes tend to break down between ______ and ______ miles

Answer 11

350 and 550 miles

Question 12

how much room should be left between the longest toe and the top of the shoe/toebox?

Answer 12

1/2-3/4 inch

Question 13

two measurements must be considered when fittign shoes:

Answer 13

• distance from heel to the metatarsophalangeal joint
• distance from heel to end of the longest toe

Question 14

device for correcting biomechanics problems that exist in the foot that can potentially cause an injury

Answer 14

orthotic

Question 15

what is the purpose of a heel cup?

Answer 15

helps to compress the fat pad under the heel, providing more heel cushioning during weight-bearing activities (can be used for plantar fasciitis, achilles tendonitis, heel bursitis, heel spur)

Question 16

types of knee braces (see pg 211 for labeled pictures)

Answer 16

• prophylactic (protective) knee brace: used to prevent injuries to the medial collateral ligament in contact sports
• rehabilitative braces: widely used following surgical repair or reconstruction of the knee joint to allow for controlled progressive immobilization
• functional knee brace: worn during and following the rehabilitative period to provide support during functional activities, may offer increased protection and decrease rate of injury following ACL reconstruction
• neoprene braces w/ medial and lateral support: for individuals who sustained injury to the medial and collateral ligaments and need extra support
• neoprene brace: sleeve that provides support, usually for patellofemoral conditions

Question 17

Soft materials:

Answer 17

Gauze padding - less versatile; absorbent

Cotton - cheap; absorbent, holds emollients and mild padding

Adhesive felt (moleskin) - adhesive on one side which allows for cushioning; can be used on all body parts

Felt - matted wool fibers in various thicknesses; firmer and absorb sweat

Foam - different thicknesses; nonabsorbent – open vs closed celled foam.

Question 18

hard materials

Answer 18

Thermo-moldable plastics: widely used for custom orthotics
- Heat forming plastics (Aquaplast and Orthoplast, X-Lite)
- Heat-setting plastics - high temperature needed (Kydex, Nyloplex)
- Heat-plastic foams - plastics with different densities due to the addition of liquid, gas, or crystals - shoe inserts

Question 19

tools used for customizing:

Answer 19

• Adhesives - cement and glues
• Adhesive taps - linen and elastic tape
• Heat sources - thermo-moldable plastics; hydrocollator, hot air gun or hairdryer to reach about 160F
• Shaping tools - sharp blade, cast saws
• Fastening material - Velcro, leather, laces

Question 20

what is number one casting material?

Answer 20

fiberglass

Question 21

when would you use a customized hard-shell pad?

Answer 21

painful contusion