Chapter 24: Lifespan Development

Question 1

Adoptive family

Answer 1

Family unit with adoptive children who are chosen and taken into the family by legal process and raised as the family’s own

Question 2

Ageism

Answer 2

Process of systemic stereotyping of and discriminating against people because of their advanced age

Question 3

Autocratic family pattern

Answer 3

Family unit with unequal relationships; parents attempt to control with strict, rigid rules and expectations

Question 4

Blended (reconstituted) family

Answer 4

Family unit formed by parents who bring unrelated children from prior marriages into a new joint living situations

Question 5

Cephalocaudal

Answer 5

Growth and development that proceeds from the head toward the feet. The infants head is large compared with the rest of the body

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission of genetic information

Question 7

Cohabitation

Answer 7

Unmarried couple living together and sharing roles by roles/ responsibilities similar to the of the nuclear family structure

Question 8

Conception (fertilization)

Answer 8

Beginning of pregnancy

Question 9

concrete operational phase

Answer 9

Phase of Piagets theory in which thoughts become increasingly logical and coherent so that the child is able to classify, sort, and organize facts while still being incapable of generalizing or dealing with abstraction; occurs between 7 and 10 years of age

Question 10

Democratic family pattern

Answer 10

Family style in which the adult members are considered equal and children are treated with respect and recognized as individuals

Question 11

Depression

Answer 11

An emotional disorder brought on by an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, which brings about exaggerated feelings are sadness, melancholy, emptiness, worthlessness, and frustration. Fatigue, ability to concentrate, short-term memory loss, and sleep pattern disturbance, as well as slowed body functions, can be seen with the disorder

Question 12

Development

Answer 12

Gradual process or change and differentiation from a simple to a more advanced level of complexity

Question 13

Disengagement stage

Answer 13

Proof of family life when the grown children depart from the home. In some family units this stage is brief because the adult children return to live in the family home

Question 14

Engagement or commitment stage

Answer 14

Period when the couple prepares for marriage and becomes free of parental domination

Question 15

Establishment stage

Answer 15

Period in a couples life between their wedding and the birth of their first child

Question 16

Expectant stage

Answer 16

The period of family life that begins when conception occurs and continues through the pregnancy

Question 17

Extended family

Answer 17

A family group consisting of the parents, their children, the grandparents, and other family members

Question 18

Formal operational thought stage

Answer 18

Piagets phase that begins during adolescence, permitting abstract reasoning and systematic scientific problem solving

Question 19

Foster family

Answer 19

Family unit that cares for, supervises, and nurtures children whose parents are unable to care for them

Question 20

Grandfamilies

Answer 20

Families with children under the age of 18 years old who live with or in the custody of grandparents

Question 21

Growth

Answer 21

Increase in the size of an organism or any of its parts

Question 22

Infant mortality rate

Answer 22

The number of deaths of children who are under 1 year of age. It is measured per 1000 children born.

Question 23

Life expectancy

Answer 23

Average number of years an individual will probably live

Question 24

Matriarchal family pattern

Answer 24

A style in which the female assumes primary dominance in areas of childcare and homemaking

Question 25

Nuclear family

Answer 25

A family unit consisting of the parents and their offspring

Question 26

Parenthood stage

Answer 26

Behinds at the birth or adoption of the first child

Question 27

Patriarchal family pattern

Answer 27

A family style in which the make assumes the dominant role

Question 28

preoperational thought stage

Answer 28

Piagets phase of child development during the period of 2 to 7 years of age, when the child focuses on the use of language as a tool. The child has the emerging ability to reason

Question 29

Presbycusis

Answer 29

A normal loss of hearing acuity, speech intelligility, auditory threshold, and pitch associated with aging

Question 30

Presbyopia

Answer 30

Defect in vision in advancing age involving loss of accommodation or recession of near vision; due to loss of elasticity of crystalline lens

Question 31

Proximodistal

Answer 31

Growth and development that moves from the center toward the outside. The infant gains control of the shoulders before developing control of the hands and fingers

Question 32

Schema

Answer 32

Innate knowledge structure that allows a child to organize his or her mind

Question 33

School violence

Answer 33

Anything that psychically or psychologically injured schoolchildren or damages school property

Question 34

Senescence stage

Answer 34

The last stage of the life cycle that requires the older adult to cope with a long range of changes

Question 35

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 35

The developmental phase of childhood encompassing the period from birth to 2 years of age, according to Piagets psychology. In this stage, an infants knowledge of the world comes about primarily through sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 36

Single-parent family

Answer 36

Family group that occurs when one parent leaves the nuclear family because of divorce, separation, desertion, or death. May also be the result of an unwed parent living alone or the decision of a single person to adopt a child

Question 37

social contract family

Answer 37

Unmarried couple living together and sharing roles and responsibilities similar to those of the nuclear family structure

Question 38

surrogacy

Answer 38

The agreement a woman makes to be artificially inseminated, voluntarily or for a fee, to bear a child and then relinquish parental rights to the baby’s natural father or another couple

Question 39

Teratogen

Answer 39

Any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal parental development, causing the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus

Question 40

Transgender family

Answer 40

A family unit that is composed of one or both of the parents who have undergone gender reassignment or who are nonconforming to their gender as identified at birth

Question 41

Zygote

Answer 41

Cell formed by the union of two productive cells; the fertilized ovum resulting from the union of a sperm and ovum from the time it is fertilized until, as a blastocyst, it is implanted in the uterus