Chapter 26 (Bleeding)

Question 1

Critical Organs
and
Corresponding Organ Systems

Answer 1

Heart - Cardiovascular System

Brain - Central Nervous System

Lungs - Respiratory System

Kidneys - Renal System

Question 2

How long Can Cells of the brain and spinal cord last without oxygen

Answer 2

4 - 6 min

Cells in central nervous system do not regenerate

Question 3

How long can lungs, kidneys, and skeletal muscle survive without adequate perfusion

Answer 3

Lungs - 15-20min

Kidneys - after 45min

Skeletal Muscle = 2-3 hours

(at normal body temperature)

Question 4

How much blood do adults have and how much can they lose

Answer 4

Male: 70mL of blood per kg

Female: 65mL of blood per kg

175 lbs male has about 10-12 pints of blood (6L)

Body can not handle more than 20% loss (1L)

Question 5

1 Unit of blood

Answer 5

1 Unit = roughly 1 pint (500mL)

Adult can donate 1 unit of blood over a 15-20 min period

Question 6

Hemophilia

Answer 6

A population that lacks of or more of the blood clotting factors

Transfer any patient with this immediately

Question 7

Blood Loss Broken Bones

Answer 7

Femur can result in loss of 2 pints (1L) of blood into soft tissues of the thigh

Question 8

Other words for bruising

Answer 8

Contusion, Ecchymosis

Question 9

Common Nontraumatic Internal Bleeding

Answer 9

Ulcers, Bleeding from colon, Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy, Aneurysms

Signs:
Abdominal tenderness, guarding, rigidity, pain, distention, (vomiting, bloody diarrhea: for ulcers…)

Older patients’ signs:
Dizziness, Faintness, weakness

Question 10

Chest cavity or lungs bleeding can cause:

Answer 10

Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
Hemoptysis (Coughing up of bright red blood)
Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Question 11

Hematoma

Answer 11

Mass of blood collected in the soft tissues beneath the skin

Question 12

Hematuria

Answer 12

Blood in urine

Question 13

Signs and Symptoms of Internal Bleeding

Answer 13

Hematemesis (vomiting of blood) (coffee grounds)

Melena (Black, tarry stool)

Pain, tenderness, bruising, guarding, swelling

Broken ribs, bruises over lower chest, rigid or distended abdomen

Question 14

Hypovolemic shock signs

Answer 14

Tachycardia (slow hr)
Weakness, fainting, dizziness at rest
THIRST
Nausea and vomiting
Cold, moist skin
Shallow, rapid breathing
Dull eyes
Slightly dilated pupils, slow to respond to light
Cap refill longer than 2 sec (in infant and children)
Weak, rapid pulse
Decreasing blood pressure
Altered LOC

Question 15

NOI

Answer 15

Nature of Ilness

Question 16

Epistaxis

Answer 16

NoseBleed

swallowing blood, causing vomiting

Pinch nostrils together 15 min
lean forward
apply ice over nose