Chapter 3

Question 1

Thymine

Answer 1

pairs with adenine

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

inbetween mitosis (between one cell division and the next)

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

control center of the cell

Question 4

translation

Answer 4

• the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates
• SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS (ribosomes participate in that)

Question 5

lysosomes

Answer 5

• contain digestive enzymes
• helps remove waste from cell

Question 6

phagocytosis

Answer 6

• engulfs large particles
• contains lysosomes

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

• short, hairlike projections from the cell move the fluids around the cell
• lines lungs and airways

Question 8

microvilli

Answer 8

short extensions of the plasma membrane which allows the absorption of materials into the cell

Question 9

osmosis

Answer 9

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 10

flagellum

Answer 10

• long, whiplike extension from the cell
• moves the cell
• found on sperm

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

• aka deoxyribose nucleic acid; makes up the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cellular activities
• divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins
• GENETIC MATERIAL
• SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP GENES

Question 12

hypotonic

Answer 12

• a solution that is less concentrated than the cytoplasm
• lower concentration than fluid in the cell

Question 13

cytoplasm

Answer 13

• colloid that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
• site of many cellular activities
• consists of cytosol and organelles - - BETWEEN NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE
• CONTAINS CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES

Question 14

uracil

Answer 14

pairs with adenine in RNA

Question 15

iso-

Answer 15

• same
• equal

Question 16

functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane

Answer 16

cell recognition which leads to cell attachment

Question 17

organelles involved in the process of translation

Answer 17

• ribosomes (helps assemble amino acids in chain)
• nucleolus (helps build ribosomes)
• site of attachment in rough ER

Question 18

endosome

Answer 18

a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells

Question 19

pino

Answer 19

• to drink

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

• a solution that is less concentrated
• low

Question 21

hypertonic

Answer 21

• a solution that is greatly concentrated
• high

Question 22

simple diffusion

Answer 22

small non-charged molecules or lipid soluble molecules pass between the phospholipids to enter or leave the cell, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 23

facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

• the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule
• MOVE UP CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH HELP

Question 24

active transport

Answer 24

• refers to the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients using membrane transporters
• LOW TO HIGH USES ATP AGAINST GRADIENT

Question 25

phagocytosis

Answer 25

negatively large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell

Question 26

phases of mitosis

Answer 26

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 27

phases of meiosis

Answer 27

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 28

What is transcription?

Answer 28

process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

Question 28

translation

Answer 28

synthesis of RNA

Question 29

function of ribosomes

Answer 29

the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 30

Where are proteins manufactured?

Answer 30

in the ribosomes

Question 31

function of mitochondria

Answer 31

- large organelles with internal folded membranes - converts nutrients into ATP (energy)

Question 32

function of Nucleoli

Answer 32

- small body in the nucleus; - makes ribosomes

Question 33

centrioles

Answer 33

- rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus - helps separate the chromosomes during cell division

Question 34

golgi apparatus

Answer 34

- layer of membranes - further modifies proteins - sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell - SORTS AND PREPARES PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT

Question 35

parts of cell membrane include...

Answer 35

- channel - linker - cell identity markers - transporter

Question 36

channel

Answer 36

- pores in the membrane that allow passage of specific substances, such as ions - ALLOWS SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES TO ENTER TO LEAVE

Question 37

linker

Answer 37

- help stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together - ATTACHING MEMBRANE PROTEIN THAT ATTACHES CELLS TO OTHER CELLS

Question 38

cell identity markers

Answer 38

- proteins unique to a person’s cells - important in the immune system and in transplantation of tissue from one person to another - EACH PERSON hAs THEIR OWN

Question 39

transporter

Answer 39

- proteins that change shape as they shuttle substances, such as glucose, across the membrane - ONE SIDE OF MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER

Question 40

a solid membrane

Answer 40

when nothinh can get throigh the membrane

Question 41

a permeable membrane

Answer 41

is when a lot can get through the membrane

Question 42

severely permeable membrane

Answer 42

- when only certain things can get through the membrane - the cell membrane is selectively permeable

Question 43

Microscope uses what kind of measurement?

Answer 43

micrometer

Question 44

What is the layer around the cell membrane made out of?

Answer 44

phospholipids