Chapter 3

Question 1

Who used urine taste tests to detect diabetes in early medicine?

Answer 1

Early civilizations.

Question 2

Who documented the importance of urine analysis (uroscopy)?

Answer 2

Hippocrates.

Question 3

Who discovered albuminuria?

Answer 3

Frederick Dekkers.

Question 4

Which book author inspired medical licensure laws?

Answer 4

Thomas Bryant.

Question 5

Who developed methods for examining urine sediment?

Answer 5

Thomas Addis.

Question 6

Who introduced urinalysis into routine patient exams?

Answer 6

Richard Bright.

Question 7

Who identified urochrome?

Answer 7

Ludwig Thudichum.

Question 8

What do the kidneys do continuously in urine formation?

Answer 8

Filter plasma, reabsorb essential substances, and excrete urine.

Question 9

What is the water content of urine?

Answer 9

Approximately 95-97% water.

Question 10

What is the solid content of urine?

Answer 10

Approximately 3-5% solids.

Question 11

What is the primary organic component of urine?

Answer 11

Urea.

Question 12

What are other organic substances in urine?

Answer 12

Creatinine, uric acid, carbohydrates, pigments, etc.

Question 13

What is the primary inorganic component of urine?

Answer 13

Chloride.

Question 14

What are other inorganic substances in urine?

Answer 14

Sodium, potassium, phosphates, sulfates, etc.

Question 15

What determines urine volume?

Answer 15

Body’s hydration and kidney water excretion.

Question 16

What factors influence urine volume?

Answer 16

Fluid intake, fluid loss, ADH secretion, need to excrete dissolved solids.

Question 17

What type of container is used for urine specimen collection?

Answer 17

Clean, dry, leak-proof container.

Question 18

What information must urine specimen labels include?

Answer 18

Patient’s name, ID number, date and time of collection.

Question 19

What must accompany every urine specimen?

Answer 19

A requisition form.

Question 20

What are criteria for rejecting urine specimens?

Answer 20

Unlabeled, mismatched, contaminated, insufficient, or improperly transported.

Question 21

When should urine be tested after collection?

Answer 21

Within 2 hours, ideally within 30 minutes.

Question 22

What changes occur in unpreserved urine over time?

Answer 22

Increased pH, bacteria, odor, nitrite; decreased clarity, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, cells.

Question 23

What is the purpose of urine preservatives?

Answer 23

To maintain specimen integrity and prevent changes.

Question 24

What are common urine preservatives?

Answer 24

Refrigeration, boric acid, formalin, sodium fluoride, commercial tablets.

Question 25

What are random/occasional urine specimens used for?

Answer 25

Routine urinalysis.

Question 26

What is a first morning urine specimen good for?

Answer 26

Pregnancy testing and concentrated analytes.

Question 27

What is a second morning/fasting urine specimen used for?

Answer 27

Glucose determination.

Question 28

What is a 2-hour post-prandial urine specimen for?

Answer 28

Diabetic screening.

Question 29

What is a glucose tolerance urine specimen used for?

Answer 29

During glucose tolerance tests.

Question 30

What is a fractional specimen used for?

Answer 30

Comparing concentrations in urine and blood.

Question 31

What is the midstream clean catch specimen for?

Answer 31

Bacterial culture.

Question 32

What is a catheterized specimen used for?

Answer 32

Bacterial culture.

Question 33

What is suprapubic aspiration?

Answer 33

Sterile urine collection for specific tests.

Question 34

What is a pediatric specimen?

Answer 34

Urine collected using special methods for infants or children.

Question 35

What is the three-glass technique?

Answer 35

A method for detecting prostatic infection.

Question 36

What are timed urine specimens?

Answer 36

Specimens collected over 24-hour, 12-hour, etc., for specific tests.

Question 37

What are the requirements for drug specimen collection?

Answer 37

Chain of custody, specified volume, temperature checks, blueing agent.

Question 38

What is the Stamey-Meares test used for?

Answer 38

Diagnosing prostatic infection.