self concept
the set pf perceptions someone has about who he/she is (aka identity)
can change over time
3 Fundamentals of the Self-Concept
- multifaceted – known and unknown parts of someone
- partly subjective – based on facts and on impressions
- enduring, but not changeable
Johari Window
chart to help people understand relationship between themselves and others. (open self, blind self, hidden self, and unknown self)
open self
information that you know and what other people know
hidden self
things that you know but others don’t know
blind self
things others know, but you are unaware of
unknown self
unknown to you, unknown to others
self monitoring
awareness of one’s own behavior and how it effects others
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that gives rise to behaving that cause the expectation to come true (i.e. going on a blind date)
image management
the process of projecting one’s desired public image
3 Principles of Image Management
- image management is collaborative (hand-in-hand with self-fulfilling)
- Manage multiple identities (ie, friend, son or daughter, spouse)
- image management is complex w many competing goals
facee
our desired public image
- need to be liked/ accepted
- need to have autonomy / independence
- need to be respected / seen as competent
face-threatening act
any behavior that threatens one or more face needs
self-serving bias
attributing successes to internal characteristics and attributing our failures to external causes
Fundamental Attribution Error
when we determine others’ behavior to internal factors whether positive or negative (failed test, therefore smart)
self disclosure
the act of giving others information about oneself that one believes the do not already have
7 Principles of Self Disclosure
- It is intentional and truthful
- Varies in breadth and depth
- Varies among relationships
- It follows a process (typically we self-disclose slowly) (*exception: online relationships)
- Usually reciprocal (Norm of reciprocity)
- It can serve many purposes
- Influenced by cultural and gender roles (i.e. females self disclose more than males)
Norm of Reciprocity
social expectation that resources and favors provided to one person in a relationship should be reciprocated by that person
Benefits of Self-Disclosure
- enhances our relationships and trust
- reciprocity (get to know people)
- emotional release
- can assist others (i.e. alcoholism)
Risks of Self-Disclosure
- rejection
- chance of obligating others (pressure to reciprocate)
- hurt others
- violation of other people’s privacy
- online: can be forwarded, shared, made public
