chapter 4

Question 1

Rh condition

Answer 1

A person who is Rh+ has a protein coating (antigen) on his or her red blood cells. normal.

-> person who is Rh- have normal RBCs too but lack the Rh factor antigen

Question 2

second pregnancy with Rh- mom and Rh+ dad and the baby is Rh+

Answer 2

if this embryo is Rh+, during pregnancy the mothers acquired antibodies (from the first pregnancy) enter the embryo’s blood stream. These antibodies attack and destroy the embryo’s Rh+ RBCs (hemolysis)

-> infant is then born with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Question 3

HDN- hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 3

• > one clinical sign is jaundice (results from excessive destruction of RBCs)
• > high levels of bilirubin in the blood stream cause jaundice
• > to prevent bilirubin from affecting brain cells, babies are treated with exposure to bright lights (phototherapy). the light decomposes bilirubin

-Physicians administer Rh immunoglobulin to an Rh− woman within 72 hours after each Rh+ delivery, abortion, or miscarriage. The globulin binds to Rh+ cells that escape into the mother’s circulation and prevents formation of Rh+ antibodies.

Question 4

anomaly

Answer 4

is an irregularity in a structure or organ

-> congenital anomaly

Question 5

congenital anomaly

Answer 5

• > those that an infant is born with
• > webbed fingers or toes (syndactyly), heart defects, clubbed feet
• > could be genetic or from high consumption of alc during pregnancy

Question 6

CRISPR

Answer 6

new DNA editing tool that changes DNA sequences to turn off genes or to replace them with new versions. CRISPR means clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats

Question 7

recombinant DNA tech

Answer 7

is the process of taking a gene (a region of DNA) from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism.

Question 8

syndrome

Answer 8

is a group of signs or symptoms that appear together to produce a typical clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality

Question 9

reye syndrome

Answer 9

• > vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver.
• > may occur in children after a viral infection who were treated with aspirin

Question 10

marfan syndrome

Answer 10

an inherited connective tissue disorder marked by a tall, thin body type with long, “spidery” fingers and toes (arachnodactyly), elongated head, and heart, blood vessel, and ophthalmic abnormalities

Question 11

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) procedure

Answer 11

• a portion of the prostate gland is removed with an instrument (resectoscope) passed through (-trans) the urethra.
• > done when prostatic tissue increases (hyperplasia) and interferes with urination
• > condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 12

ultrasonography

Answer 12

a diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image of an organ or tissue

Question 13

echocardiograms

Answer 13

ultrasound images of the heart

Question 14

Anemia

Answer 14

-> big problem for patients in chronic renal failure bc kidneys secrete less erythropoietin

Question 15

epoetin alfa (epogen or procrit)

Answer 15

man-made form of human erythropoietin

-genetically engineered through recombinant DNA technology and stimulates bone marrow to make and release red blood cells

Question 16

side effects of myelosuppresive chemotherapy may be treated by

Answer 16

epogen, neupogen, and thrombopoietin