Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the membrane type and give their location within the body

Answer 1

• Epithelial membranes:
  – cutaneous (skin),
• mucous (line open cavities),
• serous (line closed cavities)
• Connective tissue membranes – synovial (line joints, synovial fluid)

Question 2

List and describe the functions of the
integumentary system.

Answer 2

• Protection
• Insulates and cushions
• body temperature
• Excretory system
• makes vitamin D

Question 3

What kind of tissue types are found in the skin

Answer 3

• Epidermis – stratified squamous epithelial that is hard and tough in many layers
• Dermis – dense irregular connective tissue
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous) tissue - adipose (fat) tissue, anchors the skin to underlying organs

Question 4

What are the 3 main layers of the skin and what tissue are they made of?

Answer 4

• Epidermis – stratified squamous tissue, first layer of skin, keratin, avascular
• Dermis – dense irregular connective tissue, contains eccrine sweat glands, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous oil gland, hair follicle, hair root, nerve structures
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous) tissue - adipose (fat) tissue, stores nutrients

Question 5

Name the layers of the epidermis and
describe the characteristics of each laye

Answer 5

• Stratum Corneum – dead cells, outermost layer, 20 – 30 cells thick, shingle-like, makes 3 quarters of epidermis thickness, keratin filled
• Stratum Iucidum – dead cells, clear, found in hairless skin like palms of hands and soles of feet
• Stratum Granulosum – flatter, more keratin
• Stratum Spinosum – flatter, more keratin
• Stratum Basale – deepest layer, closest to dermis, most nourished, makes many new cells, makes melanin

Question 6

Name the layers of the dermis and
describe the characteristics of each layer

Answer 6

• Papillary layer – superficial dermal region, uneven projections, helps us grip
• Reticular layer – deepest skin layer, dense irregular connective tissue, has blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors

Question 7

What determines skin colour and do we all have it?

Answer 7

• Melanin is the color pigment produced by cells called melanocytes found in the stratum basale
• Freckles and moles are found where melanin is concentrated
• Melanin can be all different colors from yellow to brown to black
• All humans have melanocytes, but the amount of melanin they produce varies (people with more melanin have darker skin, eyes, and hair)

Question 8

What are the appendages of the skin

Answer 8

Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Oil glands

Question 9

Describe the role the integumentary system
plays in maintaining homeostasis of body
temperature, and apply this knowledge

Answer 9

• Regulates body temperature through radiation and sweating
• We sweat when our internal temperature is too high
• The capillaries of the dermis become large, skin becomes red and warm, and body heat radiates off the surface
• If we are cold, blood bypasses the dermis capillaries allowing internal temperature to stay high

Question 10

Describe the effects of aging on the skin

Answer 10

-gets thin
-losses elasticity
-oily in our teenage years (acne) and best in out 20s and 30s

Question 11

Describe the homeostatic relationship
between the integumentary system and other
body systems

Answer 11

• Skin protects all the organs inside the body
• Provides vitamin D

Question 12

Which glands produce the oily secretion called sebum?

Answer 12

Sebaceous glands which lubricator skin and hair

Question 13

When do bruises occur?

Answer 13

Blood escapes damaged blood vessels and go into surrounding tissues called hematomas (clotting)

Question 14

What are lamellar corpuscles?

Answer 14

pressure receptors in the dermis

Question 15

The type of tissue that makes up most of the dermis is ____________

Answer 15

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 16

What type of membrane surrounds each of the lungs?

Answer 16

Serous lines cavity’s that are closed to the exterior

Question 17

What is the largest body membrane?

Answer 17

Cutaneous membrane - skin

Question 18

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the epidermis?

Answer 18

Stratum basale

Question 19

Thin skin is missing the ____________ layer

Answer 19

Stratum lucidum

Question 20

What are merkel cells and where are they located?

What are epidermal dendritic cells and where are they located?

Answer 20

Merkel cells make us sensitive to touch in the basale layer

EDC help fight infection and are in the stratum spinosum layer

Question 21

Sebaceous glands are usually associated with

Answer 21

secrete sebum into a hair follicle to lubricate the hair

Question 22

What are lamellar corpuscles?

Answer 22

Deep pressure sensitive receptors

Question 23

Do epithelial membranes only have epithelial cells?

Answer 23

No they also have a layer of connective tissue

Question 24

Is the epidermis avascular?

Answer 24

Yes it has no blood supply

Question 25

In which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to die?

Answer 25

Stratum lucidum

Question 26

What layer of skin is the hide or leather?

Answer 26

Dermis

Question 27

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 27

Eccrine - all over body Apocrine - armpit and genital yellowish sweat

Question 28

What causes fingerprints in the skin?

Answer 28

The dermal papillae (bumpy layer of the dermis) (papillary layer)

Question 29

True or false: unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to air and is a dry membrane

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or false: the hypodermis is not considered part of the skin

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Keratinocytes produce ___________ and make the epidermis a _____________ layer

Answer 31

Keratin Tough and hard layer

Question 32

We have a totally new epidermis every ____________

Answer 32

25 to 45 days

Question 33

Sebaceous glands are on the side of ____________

Answer 33

Hair follicles

Question 34

Serous membranes have __________ and ___________ layers They also secrete a ___________ fluid, to slide past the organs

Answer 34

Parietal and visceral layers Lubricating fluid