Define inertia.
The tendency of a body to keep its state of rest or constant velocity.
What is inertial mass?
It is a measure of an object’s resistance to change in motion.
State Newton’s First Law of motion (Law of inertia).
A body continues being at rest or moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external resultant force.
What is the strict definition of force according to Newton’s Second Law?
The resultant force is proportional or equal to the rate of change of momentum.
Write the mathematical equation for Newton’s Second Law in terms of momentum.
F = Δmv / Δt.
What are the four specific conditions for forces to be considered a Newton’s Third Law pair?
The forces must be of the same type, equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and act on two different bodies.
Define linear momentum.
It is the product of the mass of a body and its velocity.
Is linear momentum a scalar or a vector quantity?
Linear momentum is a vector quantity, meaning direction matters and velocities must be substituted with their proper signs.
Define impulse.
Impulse is the change in momentum of a body, which is equal to the product of the force and the time of impact.
What is the formula for calculating impulse?
Impulse = mv - mu = F × t.
How can you determine impulse from a force-time graph?
The area under the graph between the force on the y-axis and time on the x-axis is equal to the impulse (or change in momentum).
State the Principle of Conservation of Momentum.
The sum or total momentum of a system of bodies is conserved provided that there is no resultant external force acting on the system.
What defines an ‘isolated’ system in physics?
An isolated system is one where no external resultant force is acting on it.
What quantities are fully conserved in a perfectly elastic collision?
Total momentum, total energy, and total kinetic energy are all conserved.
What quantities are conserved in an inelastic collision?
Total momentum and total energy are conserved, but the total kinetic energy is not conserved.
Where does the ‘lost’ kinetic energy go in an inelastic collision?
It is lost in forms of heat and sound, though the overall total energy of the system remains conserved.
State the relative speed rule that applies exclusively to perfectly elastic collisions.
The relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.
Write the equation for relative speeds in a 1D elastic collision.
u₁ - u₂ = v₂ - v₁.
What happens when two objects of the exact same mass undergo a perfectly elastic collision?
The objects simply swap velocities with each other.
What is the conservation equation for an inelastic collision where two bodies stick together after impact?
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = (m₁ + m₂)v.
Describe the initial momentum of a stationary object that explodes into multiple pieces.
The initial momentum and kinetic energy are zero because the object was at rest before the explosion.
How does upthrust change as a completely immersed object is pushed deeper into a liquid?
Upthrust remains constant no matter the depth because the volume of the displaced liquid does not change.
When dealing with pulley systems involving two masses, what general equation connects the forces to acceleration?
Driving force - Resisting force = (m₁ + m₂)a.
If a person is in an elevator that is accelerating downwards, how does the normal force compare to their actual weight?
The reading on the scale will be less than their actual weight.
-
Estimates #130
-
Chapter 1 #332
-
Chapter 2 #218
-
Chapter 3 #133
-
Chapter 4 #233
-
Chapter 5 #261
-
Chapter 6 #250
-
Chapter 7 #242
-
Chapter 8 #492
-
Chapter 9 #143
-
Chapter 10 #248
-
Physical Quantities and Measurement Techniques Definitions #134
-
Mechanics Definitions #1121
-
Waves and Superposition Definitions #153
-
Electricity Definitions #135
-
Nuclear Physics and Fundamental Particles Definitions #134
-
All Formulae #1180
