Chapter 4 Hardware

Question 1

2 major categories of hardware?

Answer 1

Finish Hardware and Cabinet Hardware

Question 2

Hardware Selection Criteria

Answer 2

• Opening Constraints (Door/frame type, size, frequency of use)
• Code Requirements (Fire-rated door hardware must be listed/certified)
• Accessibility (Must be usable by physically disabled)
• Security (Determines type & mounting of locks
• Appearance (Style/finish should be consistent with bldg./space design)
• Special Considerations (Lightproofing, radiation protection, acoustic control, concealed door design)

Question 3

Door Mounting most common is the Standard hinge.

Answer 3

Consists of two leaves, with one or more knuckles per leaf. Joined by pin (either removable or non-removable) Knuckles and pin form hinge barrel

Question 4

Special Hinges

Answer 4

• Raised barrel hinges – used when insufficient space for barrel to extend past door trim.
• Swing clear hinges – allow door to swing 90-95 degrees so full opening of doorway is available; standard hinges reduce doorway width by thickness of door

Question 5

Selecting the hinges

Answer 5

• Determine hinge type (Dependent on door/frame type)
• Determine weight & bearing of hinge (Dependent on door weight, frequency of use
• Determine hinge size (Height x width, in inches)
• Determine number of hinges (Determined by door height)
• Determine base metal type
• Determine finish coating
• Determine tip design (See image for tip designs)

Question 6

Three types of hinges

Answer 6

• standard weight:plain bearing
• standard weight :ball bearing
• heavy weight :ball bearing

Question 7

Fire rated doors must use steel or stainless steel

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Pivots

Answer 8

used where hinge appearance objectionable, or for frameless doors

• May be center hung or offset
• Very tall doors require offset pivots, with one or more intermediate pivots
• Center hung pivots (usually) allow door to swing in either direction 180 degrees
• Can be used alone, or as part of a closer assembly
• Center hung pivots difficult to seal
• Center hung pivots usually mounted 2-3/4” from frame edge, but can be mounted anywhere, including center of door

Question 9

Pocket & Sliding doors

Answer 9

• Pocket & sliding doors are suspended with rollers from tracks in the head frame
• Hardware is also available to allow doors to be supported on rollers that run on floor tracks – used for heavy doors or where movement of door bottom must be restricted

Question 10

Special proprietary pocket pivot and continuous hinges are used for what?

Answer 10

available for use on fire-rated doors, while concealing much of the hardware.

Question 11

A Latchset

Answer 11

is a device that operates a door and holds it in the closed position by means of a retractable latch

Question 12

A lockset

Answer 12

does the same job, but also has a method for locking the door

Question 13

Four types of latchses and locks:

Answer 13

• Mortise
• Preassembled
• Bored
• Interconnected

Question 14

Mortise:

Answer 14

most secure, most options; include deadbolt & latchbolt, both of which can be retracted in single operation
Grades 1-3; 1 is the highest level of operation.

Question 15

Preassembled

Answer 15

(also called unit locks) – slid into notch in door; not frequently used

Question 16

Bored

Answer 16

(also called cylindrical) – residential, small commercial use

Question 17

Interconnected

Answer 17

cylindrical lock with interconnection, function similar to mortise

Question 18

Closing Devices

Answer 18

Devices that automatically return a door to its closed position after opening.

Question 19

Four major types of surface mounted closers, based on mounting, hardware location:

Answer 19

• regular arm
• slide track
• top jamb
• parallel arm

Question 20

Two types of adjustable closers

Answer 20

50% adjustable and fully adjustable

Question 21

Concealed closers

Answer 21

Can be concealed in door or frame, stronger anchorage provided by installation in frame

Question 22

Pivot closers

Answer 22

• Incorporate both a pivot and a door closer in one mechanism
• Available for both center and offset-hung doors
• Can be mounted in floor or above door for center-hung doors; offset-hung doors require floor closers
• Heavy doors (over 200 lbs.) should use floor closers
• Usually mounted in concrete floors with cement case; can be installed in wood floors if sufficient anchorage

Question 23

3 levels for Closer Grades & Size rating

Answer 23

Grade 1 to 3. Grade 1 is the most durable and is used for doors that have a high frequency of use and abuse.
-Closers are also rated by “size” 2 to 6: the higher the number the grater the closing force

Question 24

Door Seals

Answer 24

Used along edges of doors to provide tight seals against smoke, light, and sound; made from neoprene, felt, metal, polyurethane, and vinyl

Question 25

Smoke Seals

Answer 25

- Fire-rated seals required on fire doors to prevent smoke/draft passage - Used on head & jamb sections

Question 26

Light and sound seals

Answer 26

- Block light & sound - Usually compressible neoprene - Double-door seals used in critical locations, such as sound studios

Question 27

2 types of Intumescent seals

Answer 27

- Expand upon heat exposure - Hard-puff and soft-puff materials used in construction 500 degrees - soft-puff used on doors – expansion at 250-300 degrees - Elastomeric gaskets must be used in addition to intumescent seal to maintain seal below 300 degrees

Question 28

Automatic door bottoms

Answer 28

- Used when door undercut requires sealing – light/sound seals, some fire doors - Activates when door is closed - Requires solid, smooth floor or threshold to provide seal

Question 29

Deadbolts:

Answer 29

:lock component with end that extends from lock by action of lock mechanism. -Most codes limit use to residential, hotel use – must have thumb turn on interior

Question 30

Locksets – four types discussed previously

Answer 30

- Bored locksets sufficient for residential, small commercial projects - Mortise and interconnected locks provide greater security, greater functional range for most other projects

Question 31

Flush bolts

Answer 31

devices mortised into door edge allowing bolt to extend into head frame/floor by manual lever operation - Used on pairs of doors so inactive leaf can be locked, providing fixed strike for active leaf locking - Prohibited on exit doors and many other doors by building codes - Automatic flush bolts may be used on exit doors

Question 32

Keying

Answer 32

Keying refers to a system of matching keys to specific locks and door openings and determining which key will operate which lock.

Question 33

Construction keys

Answer 33

often used during construction, temporarily operates all locks until permanent keying system is established – prevents construction crew from having functioning keys after construction is completed

Question 34

Coordinators

Answer 34

prevent active leaf in double door pair from closing first, which would prevent proper closing of inactive leaf

Question 35

Door stops and bumpers

Answer 35

prevent door & attached hardware from impacting wall & adjacent construction. Can be wall or floor mounted; many designs available

Question 36

Thresholds

Answer 36

used at floor material changes at doors & when using automatic door bottom seals

Question 37

Astragals

Answer 37

vertical members used between double doors to seal opening, act as door stop, or to provide extra security. May be attached to active leaf, or be separate unit against which both doors close. If overlapping astragal is used on fire doors, coordinator is also required.

Question 38

Protective coverings

Answer 38

metal plates attached to door surface to protect against damage. Text mentions use on wood doors; can also be used on other door materials

Question 39

Door Bolders

Answer 39

text describes overhead holders which hold doors open until manual release; these cannot be used on fire rated doors. Magnetic door holders can be used, as described below.

Question 40

Electronic hardware

Answer 40

hardware includes devices that control or monitor door openings using electronic or electromechanical means.

Question 41

Electric locks

Answer 41

maintain locksets in locked position until a signal activated by a regulating device; switches, computer controls, timing devices, security consoles are examples of regulating devices

Question 42

Electric bolts

Answer 42

separate from door operating hardware. Activated similar to electric locks. Not allowed on most exit doors due to inability to override in emergency if device fails to operate

Question 43

Card readers

Answer 43

regulating device that reads magnetic strip on card to operate electric locks; very flexible, allowing monitoring & time of day access control

Question 44

Key pad devices

Answer 44

are another type of regulating device; coded number input to device to gain access. Sometimes used in coordination with card readers.

Question 45

Magnetic hold-open devices

Answer 45

can be used to keep exit doors in open position until activated by smoke detector or other fire signal; also activated by power failure

Question 46

Delayed-exit devices

Answer 46

resemble standard exit (panic) hardware, but designed to stay locked for 15-30 seconds after bar depression. During this time, alarm sounds to allow response to unauthorized door opening. In actual emergency, delay deactivated

Question 47

Four most common base metals for hardware

Answer 47

steel, stainless steel, bronze, brass (Category A finish)

Question 48

Fire-rated doors require steel or stainless steel base metal

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Plated finishes can wear off over time; in many cases, best to use same base/finish metals – plating processes very toxic to environment

Answer 49

True,

Question 50

Some finishes, such as oil-rubbed bronze, will change color with use; this may be desirable or not, but should be considered during selection

Answer 50

True, Finish category B

Question 51

Materials and Finishes (ABSI/BHMA A156)

Answer 51

Establishes 5 categories of finishes -A: such as chrome,brass, and stainless steel offer highest potential for consistency in appearance B: unstable -C: finishes are hand applied -D: for protective applications only -E: intended to be match with comparable finishes from Categories A,B,C

Question 52

Mounting Heights per ANSI/ICC standards

Answer 52

door levers, deadbolts, and pushplates/pulls must be placed at 34” min., 48” max. height; anywhere in this range is acceptable.