Name the 4 main tissue types found in the body. Define what a tissue is.
The four main tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Tissues are a group of cells that are similar in structure that work towards a common function or functions. 
Name the 3 structures that connect epithelial cells to each other
They are found in the adhesion junction, tight junction, and gap junction
Why is it important that junctions between epithelial cells are tightly joined?
It’s important that they were tightly joined so that cells are kept bound to each other by proteins. If not, and if you had a stomach lining that was leaky and not tightly bound, it would kill you.
What is epithelial tissue naming based on? (2 things)
It’s based on the number of layers of cells and the shape of cells
What do the following cells look like: cuboidal, squamous and columnar?
Cuboidal is shaped like a cube, squamous is fried egg shaped, and columnar is tall column shaped cells
What does simple and stratified refer to in relation to epithelial tissue?
Simple refers to single layer of cells and stratified means there are more than one layer of cells
Name two main types of connective tissue.
The two main types of connective tissue are fibrous and specialized
How is connective tissue arranged differently than epithelial tissue?
• Epithelial: Cells tightly packed, little matrix
• Connective: Cells spread out within an extracellular matrix & have few living cells
Name 4 types of specialized connective tissue.
• Bone
• Cartilage
• Blood
• Adipose (fat)
What are the following cells and which tissue type are they related to: chondrocytes, osteocytes, neurons, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (cellular component/element) and neuroglia.
• Chondrocytes: Cartilage (connective)
• Osteocytes: Bone (connective)
• Neurons: Nervous tissue
• Neuroglia: Nervous tissue (support cells)
• Red blood cells: Blood (connective)
• White blood cells: Blood (connective)
• Platelets: Blood (cell fragments)
What type of matrix is found in cartilage? Bone? Blood? (fluid, gelatinous or hard). What is stored in the matrix of bone?
• Cartilage: Gelatinous/flexible matrix
• Bone: Hard matrix
• Blood: Fluid matrix (plasma)
Bone matrix stores:
➡️ Calcium and minerals
Name two types/forms of bone tissue?
• Compact bone
• Spongy bone
What is in the center of an osteon? What is an osteon? What resides in the spaces (“caves”) of an osteon?
• Osteon: Basic structural unit of compact bone
• Center of osteon: Central (Haversian) canal
• Spaces (“caves”): Lacunae, which contain osteocytes
Name 3 types of muscle tissue.
• Skeletal muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Smooth muscle
Compare how muscle tissues are structural different (number of nuclei per cell, shape of cells etc…).
Skeletal: Many nuclei, Long, cylindrical, Striated, & voluntary, muscle attached to skeleton
Cardiac: One nucleus, Branched shape, Striated, intercalated discs, involuntary in nature
Smooth: One nucleus, Spindle-shaped, No striations (smooth), involuntary, thicker in the middle, & tapered at the ends
Which statement best defines a tissue?
A. A group of organs working together
B. A group of similar cells that perform a common function
C. A single specialized cell
D. A type of extracellular matrix
Correct answer: B
Why: A tissue is made of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Which list correctly names the four main tissue types in the human body?
A. Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
B. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, nervous
C. Bone, blood, muscle, skin
D. Epithelial, bone, muscle, neural
Correct answer: A
Which of the following is NOT a location where epithelial tissue is found?
A. Lining of the digestive tract
B. Outer layer of the skin
C. Inside blood vessels
D. Between bones forming ligaments
Correct answer: D
Why: Ligaments are connective tissue, not epithelial.
Why are epithelial cell junctions tightly joined?
A. To allow cells to move freely
B. To store nutrients
C. To form a protective barrier and prevent leakage
D. To allow blood flow
Correct answer: C
Epithelial tissue naming is based on which two features?
A. Location and function
B. Cell shape and number of layers
C. Thickness and color
D. Cell size and matrix type
Correct answer: B
A tissue described as “simple squamous epithelium” would have which characteristics?
A. Many layers of cube-shaped cells
B. One layer of flat cells
C. Many layers of tall cells
D. One layer of round cells
Correct answer: B
Which description best matches columnar epithelial cells?
A. Flat and scale-like
B. Cube-shaped
C. Tall and rectangular
D. Star-shaped
Correct answer: C
What do the terms “simple” and “stratified” refer to in epithelial tissue?
A. Cell shape
B. Function
C. Number of cell layers
D. Location in the body
Correct answer: C
Which of the following are the two broad categories of connective tissue?
A. Loose and dense
B. Specialized and supporting
C. Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue
D. Bone and cartilage
Correct answer: C
-
CHAPTER 1: DEFINING AND CLASSIFYING LIFE49
-
CHAPTER 2: INTRO TO CHEMISTRY, CARBOHYDRATES, AND LIPIDS54
-
Chapter 3: Structure & Function of cells/ Metabolism55
-
Chapter 19: Epigenetics/ Genetics39
-
Chapter 17: Cell Reproduction/ Division14
-
Chapter 18: Cancer16
-
Chapter 4: Tissues36
-
Chapter 4: Integumentary System & Skin Cancer21
-
Chapter 6: Muscle structure & contraction40
-
Chapter 7: Red Blood Cells & Blood Doping41
-
Chapter 5: Skeletal System30
-
Chapter 8 Pt 1: Cardiovascular System30
-
Chapter 8 Part 2: Cardiovascular Diseases29
-
exam 2 review50
-
Chapter 9: Infectious agents & 1st and 2nd lines of defense28
-
Chapter 9: Part 2 – 3rd line and vaccines29
-
Chapter 10 – Respiratory System30
-
Chapter 11 – Nervous System29
-
CHAPTER 12 – THE SENSES23
-
CHAPTER 14 – DIGESTION25
-
CHAPTERS 15 & 16 – REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM + INFECTIONS35
