Chapter 5

Question 1

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 1

• membrane bound nucleus

- think compartmentalization

Question 2

Posses a cytoskeleton for

Answer 2

• support

- maintain structure

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

o Repository of genetic information

o Most eukaryotic cells possess a single nucleus

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

o Where ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place

Question 5

Nuclear envelope

Answer 5

o 2 phospholipid bilayers
o Nuclear pores
 Control passage in and out

Question 6

In eukaryotes DNA is

Answer 6

divided into multiple linear chromosomes

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

Chromosomes + protein

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

o Composed of a single DNA molecule with proteins (Chromatin)

Question 9

Ribosomes (Eukaryotic)

Answer 9

• Protein synthesis
• rRna protein complex
• Attached to RER
• Inside mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 10

Endo

Answer 10

“Within”

Question 11

Endomembrane system

Answer 11

divides cells into compartments

Question 12

Rough ER (RER)

Answer 12

 Ribosomes to membranes gives a rough appearance

 Synthesis of proteins sent to lysosomes

Question 13

Smooth ER (SER)

Answer 13

 Few bound ribosomes
 Synthesis
 Store Ca2+
 Detoxification

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

o Flattened stacks of membranes

o Function and distribution proteins from one location to another

Question 15

Cis (GA)

Answer 15

Nearest to the ER

Question 16

Trans (GA)

Answer 16

Nearest to Plasma Membrane

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

o Membrane-bounded digestive vesticles
o From Golgi Apparatus
o Enzyme catalyze
o Destroy cells or foreign matter

Question 18

Peroxisomes

Answer 18

o Enzymes

o Hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Vacuoles

Answer 19

o	Membrane bound structures
o	Different typses
	Central vacuole in plant cells
	Contractile vacole of fungi and protists
	Storage vacuoles

Question 20

• Mitochondria (function)

Answer 20

o Cellular respiration
o Metabolic process
-Oxygen to ATP

Question 21

• Chloroplast (function)

Answer 21

o Site photosynthesis

-Light to ATP

Question 22

Mitochondira are found in

Answer 22

All eukaryotes

Question 23

Mitochondria structure

Answer 23

	Outer membrane
	Space
	Inner membrane
         -Has cristae
	Matrix (Like cytoplasm)

Question 24

• Chloroplasts (Structure)

Answer 24

o	Thylakoids
         -Membranous sacs
o	Ganum
         -Stacked thylakoids 
o	Stroma
          -Internal fluid (like cytoplasm)

Question 25

Cytoskeletons are....

Answer 25

Dynamic

Question 26

Cytoskeleton is made up of

Answer 26

o Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells - Keeps shape - Keeps organelles in fixed location

Question 27

Microfilament

Answer 27

* Two proteins chains loosely twined together | * Movements like contraction, crawling, “pinching

Question 28

Intermediate filaments

Answer 28

* Medium | * Very stable

Question 29

Microtubules

Answer 29

* Largest * Dimers of a- and b- tubulin subunits * Facilatate movement of cell and materials within cell

Question 30

Centrosomes

Answer 30

 Surround centrioles |  Microtubule-organizing center

Question 31

Cell movement

Answer 31

 Tied to actin filaments , microtubules or both

Question 32

Cell Walls

Answer 32

- Protect the plant cell | - Prevents excessive uptake of water

Question 33

Primary cell wall

Answer 33

Relatively thin and flexible

Question 34

Secondary cell wall

Answer 34

Between plasma membrane and primary cell wall

Question 35

Extracellur Matrix (ECM)

Answer 35

 Secrete an elaborate mixture of glycoproteins into the space around them  Collagen may be abundant  Form a protective layer over cell surfaces  Regulate cell behaivor

Question 36

Integrins

Answer 36

 ECM proteins binds to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins  Think hooks

Question 37

MHC proteins

Answer 37

 Recognition of “self” and “non-self” cells

Question 38

Adhesive junctions

Answer 38

• Mechanically attached cytoskeletons of neighboring cells or the ECM

Question 39

Tight junction

Answer 39

• Connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet

Question 40

Plasmodesmata

Answer 40

 Plant cells  Communicate together  Channels that perforate plant cell walls

Question 41

All cells

Answer 41

* Plasma, or cell membrane * Cytosol or cytoplasm * Chromosomes * Ribosomes

Question 42

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 42

* No nucleus * DNA in nucleoid * No membrane bound organells * Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane * Peptidoglycan cell walls

Question 43

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 43

* DNA in a nucleus * Membrane bound organells * Cytoplasm in between plasma membrane and nucleus * Large than prokaryotic cells