- Thermodynamics
o Branch of chemistry concerned with energy changes
- Energy
o Capacity to do work
- Kinetic energy
o Energy of motion
- Potential energy
o Stored energy
- Energy flow
o Energy comes from the sun
- Spontaneous processes
o Occur without energy input
- Free energy
o Is energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform
- H
o Enthalpy
- T
o Absolute temperature
- S
o Entropy
o There but unavailable
- positive (delat)G
o Products have more free energy than reactants
o H is higher than S
o Not spontaneous
o Endergonic
- Negative (delta)G
o Products have less free energy than reactants
o H is lower than S
o Spontaneous
o Exergonic
- Activation energy
o Extra energy is required
o Destabilize existing bonds and initate a chemical reaction
Exergonic reaction’s rate depend on
activation energy required
- Larger activation energy proceeds
more slowly
- Rate can be increased in 2 ways
o Heating
o Lowering activation energy
- Catalysts
o Substance that infuelnce chemical bonds in a way that lowers activation energy
o Do not alter the proportion of reactant turned into product
- ATP
o Energy “currency” of all cells
- ATP composed of
o Ribose o Adenine o Chain of 3 phospates Key to energy storge Bonds are unstable
- Hydrolysis of ATP
o Perform work
- 3 types of cellular work
o Mechanical
o Transport
o Chemical
- ATP Cycle
o ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions
Coupled reactions results in exergonic and spontaneous
o ATP not suitable for long-term energy storage
- Metabolism
o Total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism
- Anabolic reactions
o Expend energy to build up molecules
