Chapter 5

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

1. Epidermis; dermis
2. Sweat glands, nails, oil glands, hairs

Question 2

Integumentary system functions

Answer 2

1. Protection
2. Temperature maintenance
3. Nutrient storage
4. Vitam D3 synthesis
5. Sensory detection
6. Excretion; secretion

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

Superficial region
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Avascular

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

underlies epidermis
1. Mostly fibrous connective tissue
2. Vascular

Question 5

Hypodermis

Answer 5

Insulates and cushions
1. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin
2. Mostly adipose or areolar tissue
3. Anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)
Thins as we age

Question 6

Keratinocytes

Answer 6

Dead cells in the epidermis

Question 7

Stratum granulosum

Answer 7

1. Grainy layer
2. Keratin and kertohyalin (granules)

Question 7

Stratum lucidum

Answer 7

1. Only in thick skin
2. Transluscent layer

Question 7

Stratum basale

Answer 7

1. Innermost layero f the epidermis
2. Attached by desmosomes
3. Only layer which divides, giving rise to keratinocytes

Question 8

Stratum spinosum

Answer 8

1. 8-10 layers of cells attached by desmosomes
2. Spiny layer

Question 9

Keratinization

Answer 9

Keratinocytes undergo keratinization as they move towards the surface
1. Dead cells
2. Keratin is water repellant

Question 10

Stratum corneum

Answer 10

1. Outer layer of dead (keratinized cells)
2. 15 to 30 layers

Question 11

Melanin

Answer 11

Pigment produced by melanocytes; stimulated to produce more by sun exposure

Question 12

Vitamin D

Answer 12

Needed for calcium absorption

Question 13

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

Answer 13

Helps the epidermis repair and heal; promotes:
1. Basal cell division
2. Production of keratin
3. Stimulates glands
4. Stimulates growth and repair

Question 14

Two layers of the dermis

Answer 14

1. Papillary
2. Reticular

Question 15

Papillary layer

Answer 15

1. Dermal papillae
2. Areolar tissue
3. Blood vessels; sensory nerves
4. Nourishes the epidermis
5. Creates finger prints

Question 16

Reticular layer

Answer 16

1. Dense irregular connective tissue
2. Colagen fibers
3. Elastic fibers
4. Gives the dermis durability
5. Blood vessels
6. Sensory neurons

Question 17

Damage to the dermis

Answer 17

Wrinkles (aging)

Question 18

Cutaneous sensory receptors

Answer 18

1. Light touch
2. Pressure
3. Pain
4. Temperature

Question 19

Accessory structures

Answer 19

1. Hair
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Sudoriferous glands
4. Nails

Question 20

Sebaceous glands

Answer 20

1. Produces sebum
2. Cause of acne
   inhibits growth of bacteria, lubricates hair, and keeps skin soft

Question 20

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 20

1. Apocrine sweat glands - responsible for odor; stimulated by sex hormones
2. Eccrine sweat glands - thermoregulation; all over the body

Question 20

Hair

Answer 20

1. Root hair plexus - sensory
2. Arrector pili muscle - attached to hair follicle; contraction

Question 21

Ceruminous glands

Answer 21

In ear, produce waxy cerumen

Question 21

Nails

Answer 21

1. Protection 2. Keratinized epidermal cells

Question 22

Injury and repair process

Answer 22

1. Inflammation 2. Migratory phase - basale cells migrating (scab formation) 3. Proliferation Phase - dermis repairs self 4. Scarring phase - inflexible fibrous tissue