1
Q
- axis of the body
- 80 bones included
A
Axial
2
Q
- limbs and girdles
- 126 bones included
- arm, legs
A
Appendicular
3
Q
The skeletal system includes:
A
- joints
- cartilage
- ligaments
- bones
4
Q
Functions of the bones are:
A
- support
- protection
- storage (blood, fat, calcium)
- hematopoiestis –making blood
- attachment of muscles
5
Q
Two types of classification of bones:
A
- Compact Bone
2. Sponge Bone
6
Q
Dense, look smooth
A
Compact bone
7
Q
Small pieces with lots of open spaces
A
Sponge bone
8
Q
What are the types of bones?
A
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
9
Q
Longer than wide
A
Long bone
10
Q
- cube-shaped
- in the wrists and ankles (tarsals and carpals)
- patellas (sesamoid – form within tendons)
A
Short
11
Q
- thin
- flattened
- curved
- in the ribs, skull, sternum
A
Flat
12
Q
- Don’t fit in with other types
- in the vertebrae and ribs
A
Irregular
13
Q
marking on bones for attachments or passages
A
Landmarks
14
Q
What are the two types of landmarks?
A
1 projections
2. Depressions
15
Q
What are the types of projections?
A
- Crest
- Spine
- Head
16
Q
-ridge of a bone
A
Crest
17
Q
Sharp, slender
A
Spine
18
Q
Rounded
A
Head
19
Q
Any body prominence
A
Process
20
Q
What are the types of depressions?
A
- Foramen
- Fossa
- Sinus
- Meatus
21
Q
Hole
A
Foramen
22
Q
Shallow basin
A
Fossa
23
Q
- Cavity filled with air
- lined with mucous membrane
A
Sinus
24
Q
Canal/passageway
A
Meatus
25
- occurs in children
- bones don't harden
- lack of calcium and vitamin D
- -you can make your own vitamin D
- Perfectly preventable
Rickets
26
-clean break is no pen action through the skin
Closed simple fracture
27
When bone penetrates through the skin
Open/compound
28
What are the complications with Fractures?
1. Osteomyelitis
2. Septicemia
3. Osteoporosis
29
Ben infection
Osteomyelitis
30
Blood infection
Septicemia
31
- bone lose their calcium
- frequent fractures
- both in men and women
Osteoporosis
32
Every bone in your body forms a joint with at least 1 other bone (except the hyoid)
Joints
33
- holds bones together
| - give mobility
Joint-articulation
34
What are the types functions of a joint?
1. Synarthroses
2. Ampthiarthroses
3. Diatheoses
35
- Immoveable condition of joint bonding
| - Example: temporal and frontal
Synarthroses
36
- slighting moveable
| - example: vertebrae to vertebrae
Amphiarthroses
37
- freely moveable
| - example: hips, wrists, neck
Diathroses
38
What are the structural types of joints?
1. Fibrous
2. Synovial
3. Cartilaginous
39
- Immoveable
| - bones are joined by fibrous tissue, sutures of the skull
Fibrous
40
- freely moveable
- these joints have the following:
- -articular cartilage
- -fibrous capsule
- -joint cavity -- contains synovial fluid
- -reinforcing ligaments
- -may also have bursae to reduce friction
Synovial
41
- some Immoveable
- some slightly moveable
- pubis symphysis
Cartilage
42
What are the types of synovial joints?
1. Plane joint
2. Hinge
3. Pivot - rotation
4. Condyloid (knuckle-like)
5. Saddle
6. Ball and Socket
43
- sliding and gliding
- flat articular surface
- sliding and grinding movement
- intercarpal jokes if the wrist
Plane joint
44
- movement in one plane
| - elbow, joints between phalanges of the fingers
Hinge
45
- ulna/radius (between)
| - between atlas and axis
Pivot-rotation
46
- between phalanges and metacarpal
- egg-shaped surface in oval cavity
- side to side and back and forth movements
Condyloid (knuckle-like)
47
- campometacarpal joints of the thumb
| - each surface has convex and concave surface
Saddle
48
- has both a ball and socket
- shoulders and hips
- 360 movement
Ball and socket
49
Problems with joints are:
1. Sprain
| 2. Arthritis
50
-ligaments or tendons damages by excessive stretching or are torn from bone
Sprain
51
-inflammation of the joints
Arthritis
52
change from cartilage to bone
Ossification
53
bone cells
Osteocytes
54
circles inside of circles of bones
Lamellae
55
spaces where you find bone cells
Lacunae
56
a bone building cells
osteoblasts
57
Bone destroyer
Osteoclasts
Physiology Test
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Decks in class (9)
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