chapter 5

Question 1

1.	Which of the following patients would be at higher risk of experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs):
A.	A 32-year-old male
B.	A 22-year-old female
C.	A 3-month-old female
D.	A 48-year-old male

Answer 1

C. A 3-month-old female

Question 2

2. Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
   A. Immature renal function in school-age children
   B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
   C. Children’s skin being thicker than adults, requiring higher dosages of topical medication
   D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution

Answer 2

B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population

Question 3

3. The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:
   A. Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
   B. The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
   C. The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
   D. Age-related decrease in renal function

Answer 3

D. Age-related decrease in renal function

Question 4

4.	The type of adverse drug reaction that is the result of an unwanted but otherwise normal pharmacological action of a drug given in the usual therapeutic doses is
A.	Type A
B.	Type B
C.	Type C
D.	Type D

Answer 4

A. Type A

Question 5

5.  Digoxin may cause a Type A adverse drug reaction due to:
A.	Idiosyncratic effects
B.	Its narrow therapeutic index
C.	Being a teratogen
D.	Being a carcinogen

Answer 5

B. Its narrow therapeutic index

Question 6

6. Changes in the individual pharmacokinetic parameters of adsorption, distribution, or elimination may result in high concentrations of the drug in the body, leading to which type of adverse drug reaction?
A.	Type A
B.	Type C
C.	Type D
D.	Type E

Answer 6

A. Type A

Question 7

7.	According to the World Health Organization Classification, Type B adverse reactions are:
A.	When a drug is a teratogen
B.	When a drug is carcinogenic
C.	A delayed ADR, such as renal failure
D.	An allergic or idiosyncratic response

Answer 7

D. An allergic or idiosyncratic response

Question 8

8.	Sarah developed a rash after using a topical medication. This is a Type \_\_ allergic drug reaction.
A.	I
B.	II
C.	III
D.	IV

Answer 8

D. IV

Question 9

9.	A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):
A.	Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
B.	Immune complex hypersensitivity
C.	Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
D.	Delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 9

A. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction

Question 10

10. Anaphylactic shock is a:
    A. Type I reaction, called immediate hypersensitivity reaction
    B. Type II reaction, called cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
    C. Type III allergic reaction, called immune complex hypersensitivity
    D. Type IV allergic reaction, called delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 10

A. Type I reaction, called immediate hypersensitivity reaction

Question 11

11.   James has hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from chronic prednisone (a corticosteroid) use. He is at risk for what type of adverse drug reaction?
A.	Type B
B.	Type C
C.	Type E
D.	Type F

Answer 11

A. Type B

Question 12

12. The treatment for a patient who experiences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression while taking the corticosteroid prednisone, a Type C adverse drug reaction, is to:
    A. Immediately discontinue the prednisone
    B. Administer epinephrine
    C. Slowly taper the patient off of the prednisone
    D. Monitor for long-term effects, such as cancer

Answer 12

C. Slowly taper the patient off of the prednisone

Question 13

13.	The ACE inhibitor lisinopril is a known teratogen. Teratogens cause Type \_\_\_\_ adverse drug reaction.
A.	A
B.	B
C.	C
D.	D

Answer 13

D.

Question 14

14.	Cardiac defects are a known Type D adverse drug reaction to lithium. Lithium causes a Type D adverse drug reaction because it is:
A.	An immunosuppressant
B.	A carcinogen
C.	A teratogen
D.	An antiseizure medication

Answer 14

C. A teratogen

Question 15

16.  A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for Type \_\_ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.
A.	A
B.	C
C.	E
D.	G

Answer 15

C. E

Question 16

17.  Drugs that may cause a Type E adverse drug reaction include:
A.	Beta blockers
B.	Immunomodulators
C.	Antibiotics
D.	Oral contraceptives

Answer 16

A. Beta blockers

Question 17

18.	Unexpected failure of drug therapy is a Type \_\_ adverse drug reaction, commonly caused by\_\_\_\_.
A.	B; cytotoxic hypersensitivity
B.	B; idiosyncratic response
C.	C; cumulative effects of drug
D.	F; drug-drug interaction

Answer 17

D. F; drug-drug interaction

Question 18

19.  Clopidogrel treatment failure may occur when it is co-administered with omeprazole, known as a Type \_\_ adverse drug reaction.
A.	A
B.	C
C.	E
D.	F

Answer 18

D. F

Question 19

15. Immunomodulators such as azathioprine may cause a delayed adverse drug reaction known as a Type D reaction because they are known:
    A. Teratogens
    B. Carcinogens
    C. To cause hypersensitivity reactions
    D. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppressants

Answer 19

B. Carcinogens