Fitzg HF

Question 1

92. HF pathophysiology is characterized by:
    a. Impaired arterial filling and ejection of blood.
    b. Incomplete closure of tricuspid valve
    c. Near normal ventricular function.
    d. Inadequate cardiac output to meet oxygen and metabolic demands of the body.

Answer 1

d. Inadequate cardiac output to meet oxygen and metabolic demands of the body.

Question 2

93. A leading cause of heart failure is: 
A. Hypertensive heart disease
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

A. Hypertensive heart disease

Question 3

Match the following conditions
A. Pneumonia
B Anemia
C High Sodium Intake

1. Increase in circulating volume of blood
2. Increased right sided heart workload
3. Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Answer 3

A-2
B-3
C-1

Question 4

97.	The condition of a sudden shortness of breath that usually occurs after 2-3 hours of sleep and leads to sudden awakening followed by a feeling of sever anxiety and breathlessness is known as: 
A. Dyspnea
B. Orthopnea
C. Resting dyspnea
D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 4

D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 5

98. You examine an 82 years old woman who has a history of HF. She is in the office because of shortness of breath. When auscultating, you note a tachycardia with a rate of 104 beats per minute and a single extra heart sound early in diastole. This sound most likely represents:
    a. Summation gallop
    b. S3
    c. Opening snap
    d. S4

Answer 5

b. S3

Question 6

99. You examine a 65 y.o man with dilated cardiomyopathy and HF. On examination, you expect to find all except one:
    a. Jugular venous distention
    b. Tenderness on right upper abdominal quadrant palpation
    c. Point of maximal impulse at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
    d. . peripheral edema

Answer 6

c. Point of maximal impulse at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Question 7

100. In patients with HF, the point of maximum impulse usually:
     a. Remains unchanged near the 4th intercostal space
     b. Remains unchanged near the fifth intercostal space
     c. Shifts lower on mid-clavicular line
     d. Shifts laterally by one or more intercostal spaces.

Answer 7

d. Shifts laterally by one or more intercostal spaces.

Question 8

101. inotropic
102. chronotropic
103. dromotropic

A. cardiac rate
B. cardiac conduction
C. force of the cardiac contraction

Answer 8

.

Question 9

104. The rationale for using beta blocker therapy in treated in treating a patient with HF is to:
     A. increase myocardial contractility
     B. Reduce the effects of circulating catecholamines
     C. Relieve concomitant angina
     D. Stabilize cardiac rhythm

Answer 9

B. Reduce the effects of circulating catecholamines

Question 10

105. An EGG finding in a patient who is taking digoxin in a therapeutic dose typically includes:
     a. Shortened PR interval
     b. Slightly depressed, cupped ST segments
     c. Widened QRS complex
     d. Tall T waves

Answer 10

b. Slightly depressed, cupped ST segments

Question 11

106. A potential adverse effect of ACEI when used with spironolactone therapy is:
     a. Hypertension
     b. Hyperkalemia
     c. Renal insufficiency
     d. Proteinuria

Answer 11

b. Hyperkalemia

Question 12

107.  	ECG findings in a patient with digoxin toxicity would most likely include: 
A. atrioventricular heart block
B. T wave inversion
C. sinus tachycardia
D. pointed P waves

Answer 12

A. atrioventricular heart block

Question 13

110. Which of the following medications us an aldosterone antagonist?
     a. Clonidine
     b. Spironolactone
     c. Hydrochlorothiazide
     d. Furosemide

Answer 13

b. Spironolactone

Question 14

111. Which of the following best describes orthopnea?
     a. Shortness of breath with exercise
     b. Dyspnea that develops when the individual is recumbent and is relieved with elevation of the head
     c. Shortness of breath that occurs at night, characterized by a sudden awakening after a couple of hours of sleep, with feeling of severe anxiety, breathlessness and suffocation
     d. Dyspnea at rest

Answer 14

b. Dyspnea that develops when the individual is recumbent and is relieved with elevation of the head

Question 15

112. Which of the following is unlikely to be noted in the person experiencing HF?
     A. elevated serum B type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
     B. Kerley B lines noted on chest xray
     C. left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG
     D. evidence of hemoconcentration of hemogram

Answer 15

D. evidence of hemoconcentration of hemogram

Question 16

113. Which of the following medications is an alpha/beta-adrenergic antagonist?
     a. Atenolol
     b. Metoprolol
     c. Propranolol
     d. Carvedilol

Answer 16

d. Carvedilol

Question 17

114. Which of the following best describes the patient presentation of New York Heart Association stage III heart disease?
     A. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, dyspnea, or palpitations
     B. Ordinary physical activity leads to fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea or angina
     C. Less- than-ordinary activity leads to fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, or angina
     D. Discomfort increases with any physical activity.

Answer 17

C. Less- than-ordinary activity leads to fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, or angina