chapter 5 -Speech Sounds

Question 1

Speech Mechanisms - ventilatory system

Answer 1

• inhalation
• diaphragm
• vocal folds/cords

Question 2

Speech Mechanisms -Larynx/ Voice Box

Answer 2

• upper end of trachea (windpipe)
• vocal folds
  - rapid vibration produces sound (voice)
  - chops air

Question 3

Speech Mechanisms- Cavities/moveable parts

Answer 3

• vocal tract
  
  • oral cavity (mouth)
  • nasal cavity
  • pharyngeal cavity (pharynx)
• articulators
  - regulate air pressure
  - dynamic: lips, tongue, lower jaw, soft palate/velum
  - static: teeth, hard palate

Question 4

Speech Sounds -Voiced

Answer 4

• all vowels, some consonants

- vibrations

Question 5

Speech Sounds -unvoiced

Answer 5

• consonants only

- no vibration

Question 6

Speech Sounds -Diphthongs

Answer 6

• vowel-like sounds produced with gradually changing articulation
• vibration

Question 7

Speech Sounds -Nasals

Answer 7

-can’t pronounce if you hold your nose

Question 8

Speech Sounds -Approximants

Answer 8

• consonant sounds
• glides: movement from one sound to another (wake, w/j )
• liquid: no movement (l/ake, r/ake)

Question 9

Stop Sounds -/p/ & /b/ -/t/ & /d/ -Unvoiced and Voiced /k/ & /g/

Answer 9

1) Closure in oral cavity
2) Build up pressure
3) Sudden release

• lips
• tongue, alveolar ridge
• tongue, velum, soft palate

Question 10

Fricatives

Answer 10

• can be prolonged
• significant constriction in vocal tract
• pressure then forcing air through constriction
• closure not complete
  - unvoiced: /f/ fish, /S/ shoe, /s/ sun
  - voiced: /v/ vase, /z/ zoo

Question 11

Voice Quality

Answer 11

• stress: syllable is louder, longer, higher pitch
• intonation: question v. statement
  - rising end = ?
  - rising -> falling = .

Question 12

Speech Problems

Answer 12

-stuttering

Question 13

Speech Problems -cluttering

Answer 13

• disorganized
• long
• insert words that aren’t there
• run words together
• leaves off sounds
• mumbles sounds

Question 14

Speech Problems -articulation disorder

Answer 14

-producing certain sounds. ex. ‘r’

Question 15

Speech Problems -apraxia

Answer 15

-dropping off parts of words and missing sounds