Who studies cross-cultural variations in sexuality
-anthropologists study the cross-cultural variations in sexuality
In Athens, was sexual activities between two individuals of the same class permitted
- no
- > sexual activity was only acceptable between two persons occupying higher and lower positions on the hierarchy of power in society
Were the views of sexuality different of that of European cultures from Indigenous people
- yes
- > it was so distinct that sexuality became a nexus of conflict
- furthermore, colonial discourse about race and sex often intertwined
- > therefore, racial degeneracy and social pathology were often intertwined
-controls on Indigenous sexuality was just a larger tool for colonization
What were the four components of life in all Indigenous communities
- life was viewed as as consisting of four components
- > physical, intellectual, spiritual and emotional
- > all four were considered to be a part of sexuality
- > conversely sexuality was though to enhance these four components
- > sexuality was unlikely to be stigmatized
-note sexual terms were integrated into some place names and sexuality was incorporated into myths and stories
Were there multiple gender/sex combinations in Indigenous cultures
- yes
- >there was a wider range of sexualities that were normal and acceptable
What was meant by the term berdaches
- it was a derogatory term used by Europeans
- >to describe biological Indigenous males who assumed female roles
Describe European sex cultures with three words
- they were heteronormative, patriarchial and highly conservative
- > sexuality was not integrated into social life but rather isolated from it
-only acceptable sexuality was to occur between husband and wife
What was meant by the term les femmes due pays
- they were Indigeneous women who European settlers formed relationships with
- > or known as”country wives”
- as the Metis population grew, attaining Indigeneous women as partners was discouraged
- > because of mixed ancestry, the Metis were deemed as more acceptable partners
- there were laws that were later instutionalized as settlements progressed and the fur trade was being slowly replaced by agriculture
- > these laws prohibited white-Indigenous relationships
Was Indigenous culture described as hypersensitive over time
- yes
- > therefore, many decided to adopt the dualistic and heteronormative views of Euro-Canadian society
- > others become desexualized to avoid the hypersexualized stereotype
