Chapter 6: Bone Tissue

Question 1

Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System

Answer 1

• support,
• protection,
• movement,
• mineral storage and release,
• blood cell production,
• triglyceride storage.

Question 2

Explain the function of bone mineral storage and release

Answer 2

• stores calcium and phosporous
• On demand, bone releases minerals into the blood to maintain critical mineral balances and to distribute the minerals to other parts of the body.

Question 3

what does red bone marrow produce

Answer 3

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets

Question 4

where is red bone marrow present

Answer 4

-developing bones of the fetus
-pelvic bones
-ribs
-sternum
-vertebrae
-skull
ends of the humerus and femur

Question 5

types of bones

Answer 5

long

short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid

Question 6

features of long bones

Answer 6

• greater length than width
• slightly curved for strength
• mostly compact bone (dense, smaller spaces)

Question 7

features of short bones

Answer 7

• cube shaped

- spongy bone exect at the surface

Question 8

features of flat bones

Answer 8

• thin, two parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone
• protectiong and provide areas for muscle attachment

Question 9

features of irregular bones

Answer 9

• not grouped

- vertebrae, certain facial bones, calcaneus

Question 10

features of seasamoid bones

Answer 10

• develope in tendons where there is friction, compression or stress
• protect tendon

Question 11

Sutural bones

Answer 11

-small bones located within the sutures of certain crainial joints

Question 12

depression or opening

Answer 12

Sites allowing the passage of soft tissue (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons) or formation of joints

Question 13

fissure

Answer 13

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass
-supior orbital fissure,
-inferior orbital fissure
(sphenoid bone)

Question 14

fossa

Answer 14

shallow depression

-end of bones to house joints

Question 15

sulcus

Answer 15

furrow amoung bone surface the accomodates a blood vessel, nerve or tendon

Question 16

meatus

Answer 16

tubelike opening

Question 17

processes

Answer 17

Projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue, such as ligaments and tendons.

Question 18

precesses that form joints

Answer 18

• condyle (large round surface with a smooth articular surface at the end of the bone)
• facet (smooth, flat, slight concave or convex articular surface)
• head

Question 19

processes that form attachment sites for conective tissues

Answer 19

• crest
• epicondyle (round projetion above a condyle)
• line
• spinous process (sharp, slender projection)
• trochanter (very large projection)
• tubical
• tuberosity(rough, bumpy surface)

Question 20

the extra cellular matrix of bones contain

Answer 20

• mineral salts (hydroxyapatite)

- collagen fibres

Question 21

compact bone composition

Answer 21

• osteons

- little space between them

Question 22

function of compact bones

Answer 22

• protect
• support
• resist stress

Question 23

spongy bone compostion

Answer 23

• no osteons

- red bone marrow

Question 24

function of spongy bones

Answer 24

• trabecular offers resistance along stress lines
• support and protect red bone marrow
• make bones lighter and easier for movement

Question 25

osteon

Answer 25

the structural unit of compact bone, alined in the same dirrection along lines of stress

Question 26

yellow bone marrow consists mainly of:

Answer 26

collagen

Question 27

Haversian canals contain

Answer 27

blood vessel

Question 28

Increased osteoblast cell activity would have what effect on bone tissue?

Answer 28

increased bone mass

Question 29

The periosteum is made of ________ tissue

Answer 29

dense irregular fibrous connective

Question 30

The medullary cavity in the long bone of an adult contains ________

Answer 30

yellow bone marrow

Question 31

thin layer of hyaline cartilage at end of a long bone

Answer 31

hyaline cartilage

Question 32

Blood cells are produced through a process called hematopoiesis. Where does this process occur?

Answer 32

red bone marrow

Question 33

The tips of long bones articulating (joining) with other bones are lined with a layer of ___________ tissue.

Answer 33

cartilage`

Question 34

define perisoteum

Answer 34

the covering of a bone that consists of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, and osteoblasts; is essential for bone growth, repair and nutrition