What is the Free recall task?
present list of items and person has to recall as much as they can
what does recall vary with?
serial position
what is a serial position curve?
recency due to verbal rehersal
- dump last few items first and apttempt to recall balance
- recency effect smaller with serial recall
What did Rundus test?
he tested primacy effect using a serial position curve
- he presented list of 20 words and after the last word was presented he asked his subjects to write down all the words he could remember
- he also presented another list and asked his subjects to repeat the words out loud during 5 sec intervals
- subejcts were not told which words to repeat
What brain part needs damage to have trouble with short term memory
K.F patient, damage to parietal lobe
digit span was lower than average recency effect was reduced
What was Tulving’s experiment on episodic and semantic memories?
he said they both held different information in LTM
depending on type of experiment associated with each
what is mental time travel
the experience of episodic memory is that it involves mental time travel, which is the experience of traveling back in time to reconnect with events that happened in the past
what does semantic memory involve?
facts that are tied to the personal experinece like vocab, numbers and concepts
“i.e. at dinner last night we paid 12.30 for the ice cream”
According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrival of what type of LTM?
retrieval of episodic memories
What is the rational analysis of memory? what are two criteria for success?
assumes that memory has evolved to be efficient and effective
- characteristics of memory determined by what memory has to do
1. find relevant information (recall)
2. Avoid irrelevant information (precision)
What are 3 predictions of rational analysis?
- recency: recent items are more likely to be relevant and older items are less likely to be retrived
- frequency –> frequently retrieved items are likely to be useful in the future as well
- rational to retrieve items that we often relevant in that past
- repeated retrival sends a trend that memory is likely to follow - spacing –> the spacing effect: same number of repiritions produce better recall when spaced then when massed due to change sin context ocver time
what are ‘fads’ in retrieval?
items retrived many times over a short span of time, then lie dormant
- items needed at a particular time but not otherwise
what is masses repitions and slow by steady retrival?
masses repitions suggest relevants for that time, but less revelant later and slow but steady retrival suggest it may continue to be relevant throughout lifespan
what is autobiographical memory?
memory for specificic experimencies from our life which can include both episodic and semantic components
What are personal semantic memories
facts associated with personal experiences
what is familiarity?
it needs to be associated with SEMANTIC memory because if ur not familiar with the fact then u cant have semenatic memory
what is recollection needed for?
needed for episodic memory, because if u have no recollection of the experience then you cant provide details of what happened and awareness of the event
what is the remeber/know procedure?
subjects are presented with a stimulus they have seen before and asked to respond:
1) if the stimulus is familiar and they also remember circunstances where it orginally encounterd it
2) know if the timulus seems familiar but dont remember experiencing
3) dont know if they do or dntr emember
