Q: What is optic flow?
A: The pattern of visual motion caused by self-movement.
Q: What is the focus of expansion (FOE)?
A: The point indicating direction of travel.
Q: What does the gradient of flow represent?
A: That flow speed increases nearer to the observer.
Q: What did the swinging room experiment show?
A: Vision strongly influences balance.
Q: Why do people sway in the swinging room?
A: Visual movement overrides body cues.
Q: What did the gymnast study show about vision?
A: Experts depend heavily on visual feedback for balance.
Q: What are affordances?
A: Action possibilities offered by an object.
Q: Who developed the affordance concept?
A: James Gibson.
Q: What did patient M.P. show about affordances?
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A: Functional cues help recognition even when naming fails.
Q: What does the ventral stream process?
Object identity (“what”).
Q: What does the dorsal stream process?
A: Action-guiding information (“how”).
Q: What is the parietal reach region (PRR)?
A: Area that plans reaching movements.
Q: What influences grasp shape?
A: Object size and orientation.
Q: What does maximum grip aperture represent?
A: Widest hand opening before grasping.
Q: What activates mirror neurons?
A: Performing or observing an action.
Q: What might mirror neurons support?
A: Action understanding and imitation.
Q: What reduces mirror neuron response?
A: Tool-mediated actions.
Q: What are landmarks used for?
A: Navigation and route decisions.
Q: What brain area responds to landmarks?
A: Parahippocampal place area (PPA).
Q: What are place cells?
A: Hippocampal neurons active at specific locations.
Q: What are grid cells?
A: Entorhinal neurons forming a coordinate grid for space.
Q: What was found in London taxi drivers?
A: Enlarged posterior hippocampus due to navigation experience.
Q: What is a cognitive map?
A: Internal representation of spatial relationships.
Q: What does blind walking show?
A: People store accurate spatial information without ongoing vision.
