What are some distinguishing features of synovial joints?
- Articular Cartilage
- Synovial Cavity
- Articular (joint) Capsule
- Synovial Fluid
- Reinforcing ligaments
- Nerves and Blood Vessels
- Fibrous capsule
Define Fibrous joints and give an example
Immovable joint, no cavity, compact
Example:
Sutures of the Skull
Define Cartilaginous joints
Bones united by cartilage, No joint cavity, Not highly movable
Examples:
- Symphysis pubis
- Sacroiliac joints
Define Synovial joints
Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity, All are diarthrotic
Include ~ all limb joints; most joints of body
Example: Knee Joint
Inflammatory or degenerative conditions of joints (describe at least two)
Lymes Disease
- Caused by bacteria transmitted by tick bites and may lead to joint pain and arthritis
Osteoarthritis
- More cartilage is destroyed than replaced in badly aligned or overworked joints
What happens when someone receives a lateral blow to an extended knee?
- Tibial collateral ligament is torn,
- Medial meniscus is torn
- Anterior cruciate ligament is torn.
What are the functions of calcium in the skeletal muscle contractions?
- assist the release of ACh
- to control the position of the regulatory proteins troponin tropomyosin on actin.
Define Slow oxidative fibers
- They are red, small in diameter, and have many mitochondria and capillaries.
- Found in athletes that run marathons and who maintain great posture.
Define fast oxidative fibers
- They are red to pink, intermediate in diameter, and have many mitochondria and capillaries.
- Found in athletes who sprint and walk.
Fast glycolytic fibers
- They are white (pale), large in diameter, and have few mitochondria and capillaries.
- Found in baseball players and athletes that do short-term intense or powerful movements.
Describe Aerobic endurance
- Length of time muscle contracts using aerobic pathways
- During the first 30- 40 seconds of short-duration exercises until the end of the exercise.
Describe Anaerobic Threshold
- Point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic
- During hours of prolonged-duration exercises.
