Chapter 7 - Cognition

Question 1

Functional fixedness

Answer 1

• A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.

Question 2

Mental set

Answer 2

• The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.

Question 3

Confirmation bias

Answer 3

• The tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s belief while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.

Question 4

Creativity

Answer 4

-The process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.

Question 5

Convergent thinking

Answer 5

• Type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic.

Question 6

Divergent thinking

Answer 6

• Type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.

Question 7

Intellectual disability (intellectual development disorder)

Answer 7

• Condition; a persons behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may be referred to as developmentally delayed. Was formerly known as mental retardation.

Question 8

Gifted

Answer 8

• The 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above.

Question 9

Emotional intelligence

Answer 9

• Awareness of and ability to maintain one’s own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain goals, as well as the ability to understand emotions in others.

Question 10

Language

Answer 10

• System for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others.

Question 11

Grammar

Answer 11

• The system of rules governing the structure and use of language.

Question 12

Phonemes

Answer 12

• The basic units of sound in language.

Question 13

Morphemes

Answer 13

-The smallest units of measuring within a language.

Question 14

Syntax

Answer 14

• The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences.

Question 15

Semantics

Answer 15

• The rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.

Question 16

Pragmatics

Answer 16

• Aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social “niceties” of language.