Sexual behaviours are defines as a set of actions with the primary aim of ____
ensuring that the sperm is delivered successfully to the ova
Distinguish appetitive and consummatory behaviours
- appetitive: bring individual into contact w goal at hand (eg sexually receptive individual)
- consummatory: performed when in contact w primary goal (species specific and probably innate)
Define these components of male sexual behaviors in animal models:
- mount latency:
- intermission latency:
- ejaculation latency:
- postejaculatory refractory period:
- mount latency: time from when introduced to female and first mount
- intermission latency: time from first engaging in sex and penile penetration
- ejaculation latency: time btw first penetration and ejaculation
- postejaculatory refractory period: between ejaculation and restoring libido to want to engage again
Define these components of female sexual behaviors in animal models:
- attractivity:
- proceptivity:
- receptivity:
- attractivity: stimulus value of female to male
- proceptivity: extent to which female will initiate encounter
- receptivity: state of responsiveness to sexual initiation of male (eg lordosis)
Shorter latencies (mount, intermission, ejaculation) indicate (weaker/stronger) sex drive
STRONGER
exposure to female pheromones (increases/reduces) mount latency
decreases
testosterone injections (increase/decrease) mount latency
decrease
(T/F) estrogen can illicit sexual behaviours in males
TRUE (hypothesized that T exerts effects after being converted into estradiol via aromatase)
Lesions to the ____ reduce or eliminate male sexual behaviour in virtually every vertebrate species
preoptic area (POA)
Drugs that increase dopamine synthesis or stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptor sites (eg MDMA/molly) have what effect on sexual behaviour?
facilitate sexual behaviour in males (increased libido, emotional warmth, etc)
Dopamine in mPOA is associated with _____
higher copulation (regardless of testosterone concentrations)
(T/F) in men, sexual desire implies sexual arousal
FALSE, don’t need to be aroused to experience desire
What are the 2 stages of sexual arousal in men?
- physiological arousal
- subjective awareness that one is aroused
How can we measure sexual desire in men?
- questionnaires, surveys, etc
How can we measure sexual arousal in men (4)?
- objective measures like HR and BP, latency to orgasm, measurement of erection via penile plethysmograph (used to be used to prevent men from avoiding military by saying they were gay and to try to catch pedophiles)
For hypogonadal men (men w low T), what effect do testosterone injections have?
- more sex drive/sexual behaviours
(T/F) T always increases sexual behaviours and libido in human men
FALSE, once a threshold is achieved (low normal range) more T has no additional effect
What are the 4 phases of the human menstrual cycle and what days does each phase span?
- Menstrual Phase (days 1-5)
- Proliferative (Follicular) Phase (days 6-14)
- Ovulation (day 14ish)
- Secretory Phase (days 15-28)
What occurs during the menstrual phase of the human menstrual cycle?
- uterine lining sheds in response to decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels
What occurs during the proliferative/follicular phase of the human menstrual cycle?
- in response to FSH, ovaries produce increasing amounts of estrogen
- stimulates growth of uterine lining
What occurs during the ovulation phase of the human menstrual cycle?
- triggered by surge in LH from pituitary
- most fertile period of cycle
What occurs during the secretory phase of the human menstrual cycle?
- secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum helps to further thicken endometrium
- if no implantation, corpus luteum regresses which leads to decline in progesterone (and estrogen)
Women in the follicular phase (more estrogen) are attracted to (more/less) masculine faces
MORE
When in the menstrual cycle are women more likely to have short-term encounters and to flirt with men other than their current partner?
follicular phase
