Chapter 8

Question 1

Why are the police the primary social control agency in society.

Answer 1

Becasue of greater reliance on governmental services and diminishing role of traditional social institutions.

Question 2

Problem solving by the police should not be restricted to crime. These problems and issues are all the providence of the poice.

Answer 2

1. social
2. health
3. quality life (sic)

Question 3

If the police depart from focusing on incidents, the next step in the hierarchy of problem solving is dangerous places or hot spots. Criminals are attracted to geographical locations by: (4)

Answer 3

1.entertainment
2. potential victims
3. their work
their residences

Question 4

Locations that have high levels of crime and disorder include: (9)

Answer 4

1. bars
2. certain apartment complexes
3. areas around liquor stores
4. bus stops
5. shopping malls
6. homeless shelters
7. fast-food restaurants
8. abandoned buildings
9. parks

Question 5

Political crime is organized in state houses and mansions; police crime happens on the street in precinct houses; and white colloar crime follows:

Answer 5

The path of the dollar

Question 6

Houses and building on primary roadways leading to these tend to experience more vandalism and minor crimes such as larceny:

Answer 6

High Schools

as students travel to and from school

Question 7

More than ______% of crimes are committed in relatively few locations.

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

This term describes the concentrations of crime and disorder.

Answer 8

Hot spots

Question 9

This refers to criminal offenses, usually Part I crimes

Answer 9

hard crime

Question 10

This refers to minor violations and instances of disorder.

Answer 10

soft crime

Question 11

A hot spot should not exceed a _______ in size.

Answer 11

Block

Question 12

SARA

This refers to a process whereby individual officers, police units, or the police department collectively examine the community for problems or hot spots.

Answer 12

Scanning

Question 13

SARA
Once a problem, quality of life, or a hot spot is identified, officers attempt to collect information about it. Basically they attempt to learn who, what, where, and how the problem.

Answer 13

Analysis

Question 14

SARA

This means the police must deal with the cause(s) of the problem rather that its symptoms.

Answer 14

Response

Question 15

SARA

If the strategy did not result in a acceptable outcome, the police must re-analyze the problem and fashion another response.

Answer 15

Assessment

Question 16

Skogan;s problem-solving model by the Chicago Police Department has a five stage process: (5)

Answer 16

1. Identifying
2. Analyzing
3. Designing (…thinking outside the box…)
4. Implementing (…a step requiring special skill and effort by the community…)
5. Evaluating (…through self-assessment)

Question 17

Webster and Connors have identified 8 methods the police can use to identify problems: (8)

Answer 17

1. officer observation and experience
2. complaints
3. crime analysis
4. police reports
5. call for service analysis
6. crime mapping
7. community groups
8. surveys

Question 18

The first step in problem solving is:

Answer 18

Scanning the enviroment to identify the problems that are suitable for police intervention.

Question 19

One formative method of udentifying problems in a jurisdiction is to poll these people:

Answer 19

Police Officers

Question 20

This type of policing involves the police pressuring not the people directly causing the problems but the people who have control over locations in which a problem is occurring. These people may include tavern and store owners, owners of rental houses and apartments, as well as parents and guardians of juveniles.

Answer 20

Third Party Policing

Question 21

When polled citizens often list the following problems as their primary concerns: (4)

Answer 21

1. speeding cars
2. loitering on street corners
3. unruly juveniles
4. panhandling

Question 22

An effective way to identify problems from people in a neighborhood is to hold neighborhood meetings. Such meetings can be held in : (4)

Answer 22

1. churches
2. schools
3. business meeting rooms
4. governmental facilities

Question 23

Two benefits of community meetings are that: (2)

Answer 23

1. it serves as an excellent opportunity to gather information
2. it develops better relations with people

Question 24

The object of community meetings is to:

Answer 24

Develop a long-term relationship with the neighborhood residents.

Question 25

Once the crime analysis unit receives information, it produces reports which can be used by: (3)

Answer 25

1. management 2. operational units 3. individual officers

Question 26

In the past, police departments depended on these to provide officers and iunits with crime information.

Answer 26

1. pin maps, and | 2. daily bulletins

Question 27

The factors which are useful in the crime analysis function, include: (7)

Answer 27

1. types of crimes 2. times of occurrence 3. locations of occurrence 4. suspect information 5. victim information 6. modus operandi 7. physical evidence

Question 28

CRIME MAPPING This is where a number of crimes or activities are concentrated in a geographical area.

Answer 28

Geographical concentration pattern

Question 29

There are two broad type of crime patterns: (2)

Answer 29

1. geographical concentration patterns | 2. similar offense patterns

Question 30

Similar offense paaterns can be concentrated in an area...or they may spread over a large geographical area as is the most: (3 types of criminals)

Answer 30

1. serial rapists 2. serial armed robbers 3. burglars

Question 31

Community surveys are a way of measuring citizen attitudes about the police and police performance as well as problems in the community. These surveys contain questions about the: (3)

Answer 31

1. quality of service 2. how often they call the police 3. general impression about the police

Question 32

This serves as a good prelude to neighborhood meetings.

Answer 32

A neighborhood survey

Question 33

To ensure that a response (to a problem) works, the police must constantly review these to see if the response indeed worked: (3)

Answer 33

1. calls for service 2. citizen's perception of safety, and 3. crime

Question 34

Nine reasons why problem solving efforts in many departments are mediocre:

Answer 34

1. police officers do not have the analytical skills required to analyze problems 2. police managers and supervisors do not know how to foster problem solving 3. police agencies resist change 4. police workloads prevent anything but superficial analysis 5. there is too little involvment of communities, and communities do noy cooperate 6. local government agencies provide too little support 7. little is known about what works under what circumstances 8. the problem solving process used a linear, but most problem solving is nonlinear 9. we do not know how to solve problems because we do not know much about the problem

Question 35

What are the two principle components of community policing?

Answer 35

1. problem solving | 2. community partnerships

Question 36

SARA This is the search for problems:

Answer 36

Scanning

Question 37

SARA This is the process whereby the police attempt to fully understand the problems and symptoms:

Answer 37

Analysis

Question 38

SARA This is the reaction to the problem:

Answer 38

Response

Question 39

SARA This is the process where the police evaluate their response to endure that it is successful:

Answer 39

Assessment

Question 40

Hotspot consistency was confirmed by Spelman in 1995 who found that calls for service at these locations in Boston remained fairly consistent over time:

Answer 40

1. high schools 2. housing projects 3. subway stations 4. parks

Question 41

When it comes to problem solving, Clarke found that these tend to be the dominant assesment modality, especiallr for small-problem-solving projects.

Answer 41

personal observations

Question 42

What makes problem-solving more common place within an organization:

Answer 42

When there are policies in organizational arrangements to facilitate and mandate it.