unconditioned reflexes
unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response
respondent conditioning
after pairing with the unconditioned stimulus the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that now elicits a conditioned response
respondent extinction
- present the conditioned stimulus repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus
- the conditioned stimulus will no longer elicit a conditioned response
discrimination and respondent behavior
- a single conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response
- fear of one specific dog or breed
generalization of respondent behavior
- a number of similar conditioned stimulus elicit the same conditioned response
- fear of all dogs
respondent conditioning
- occurs when a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
- as a result the neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus and elicits a conditioned response
- respondent conditioning is also called classical conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov
* dog salivation
unconditioned responses (UR)
- certain types of stimuli typically elicit specific types of bodily responses
- infants naturally suck
- blink when air is puffed into eye
- no conditioning or learning has to occur
- unconditioned response happens when unconditioned stimulus is present
trace conditioning
the neutral stimulus precedes the US but the NS ends before the US is presented
- eye puff after click
- most efficient
delay conditioning
the NS is presented and then the US is presented and then the US is presented before the NS ends
- eye puff before click ends - most efficient
stimulus conditioning
the NS and US are presented at the same time
- eye puff and click simultaneously
backward conditioning
the US is presented before the NS
- eye puff then click
higher order conditioning
- occurs when NS is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS
- air paired with click = blink then light paired with click = blink
conditioned emotional response
- ex: baby albert and rat
- hammer sound was US
- startled response was UR
- rat became CS
respondent extinction
- extinction of CR
- repeated presentation of CS without presenting the US
discrimination
- person afraid of certain dog or dog breed
generalization
person afraid of all dogs
factors that influence respondent conditioning
- nature of the US and CS
- temporal relationship between CS and US
- contingency between CS and US
- # of pairings
- previous exposure to CS
