Chapter 9

Question 1

Scale of Sexual Orientation

Answer 1

0: Heterosexual, no homosexual
1: Mainly heterosexual, little homosexuality
2: Mainly heterosexual, more homosexuality
3: Equally both
4: Mainly homosexual, more heterosexuality
5: Mainly homosexual, little heterosexuality
6: Homosexual, not heterosexual

Question 2

Sexual Orientation

Answer 2

• Bisexual
• Asexual
• Homosexual
• Heterosexual

Scale of 0-6 of Heterosexual-Homosexual sexual orientations

Question 3

Multidimensional Components of Sexual Orientation

Answer 3

1. Engages in sexual behavior with men, women, both, or neither
2. Feels sexual desire for men, women, both, or neither
3. Falls in love with me, women, both, or neither
4. Identifies them self with a specific sexual orientation

Question 4

Heterosexual

Answer 4

Attraction to opposite sex

Question 5

Homosexuality (Further)

Answer 5

• About 1% women, and 2% men

- People born after 1970 called themselves queer and refer to queer culture

Question 6

Asexuality

Answer 6

Lack of attraction to either sex

Question 7

Transitory

Answer 7

Sexual opportunity, think of a boarding school of only one sex; there are no other options

Question 8

Transitional

Answer 8

Heterosexuality to homosexuality, a transition; sometimes a relationship of both

Question 9

Denial

Answer 9

Confused and deny because of society or bisexuality

Question 10

Homosexual

Answer 10

Attraction to same sex

Question 11

Bisexuality

Answer 11

Attracted to both men and women

• Context matters more than contact
• Categories: real, transitory, transitional, or denial of gayness

Question 12

Asexuality (Further)

Answer 12

• They vary in friendships, affection, romance, and partnerships
• They do not feel distressed because of this
• 73% never had sexual-intercourse and no interest to do so
• Most did masturbate throughout life
• They still get aroused like everyone else

Question 13

Sex Laws

Answer 13

1815- Ohio outlaws adultery
1876- Ohio first state to outlaw possession of sex toys
1885- Ohio outlaws sodomy (vaginal-penal sex)
1886- Ohio becomes first state to rule that two women cannot be prosecuted for sodomy
1895- Ohio first state that an act of extramarital sodomy constitutes adultery
1957- Ohio first state to find a right in married couples to engage in sodomy
1965- Ohio first state to strike down for an unnatural sex act
1972- Ohio enacts repeal of its sodomy law
Importuning Law says that it is a crime to ask someone for gay or lesbian sex if it would offend them

Question 14

Gay Movement

Answer 14

• Started from the stone wall incident

- First proclamation of homosexual rights

Question 15

Heteroflexibility

Answer 15

Heterosexual people that have some degree of sexual interest in the same sex

Question 16

Homoflexibility

Answer 16

Homosexual people that have some sexual interest in the opposite sex

Question 17

Sexual Fluidity

Answer 17

Variability in same-opposite sex attraction and involvement at times and situations in their life

Question 18

Gay

Answer 18

Homosexual male, or homosexual person

Question 19

Lesbian

Answer 19

Homosexual female

Question 20

Determining Sexual Orientation (Hormone Levels)

Answer 20

1. Adult Hormone Levels
2. Prenatal Hormone Levels
   - some effects found in animals
   - sexual dimorphism in index finger (index is smaller than ring finger you are more masculine)
   - handedness
   - birth order and sex of siblings
   - onset of puberty

Question 21

Determining Sexual Orientation (Biological Factors)

Answer 21

Genetic Factors:

• Homosexuality strongly runs in the family
• Identical twins > fraternal twins
• Genetic marker research is ongoing (logic is a slippery slope, and not reasonable; if you will have Down syndrome)
• Gender nonconformity (don’t conform to them)

Question 22

Implications If Biology Is Destiny

Answer 22

• May result in more acceptance
• Genetic engineering (not your fault)
• Tolerance for defective orientation
• Intolerance for behavioral choices

Question 23

Societal Attitudes

Answer 23

Cross-cultural attitudes vary greatly (we are not one of the 14 nations)
Jude’s Christian attitudes have varied greatly
14 countries that have national discrimination laws protecting national gays and lesbians and bisexuals

Question 24

Homosexuals in the Military

Answer 24

• During every major war, military officials have not cared about recruiting or discharging homosexuals
• During peace, they are abruptly discharged or are not recruited into the military
  Reasons:
• Forcing heterosexuals to compromise their privacy and be viewed as sexual objects
• We cannot expect a homosexual to control their drives when deployed at sea for six months
• It would be discriminatory for an unmarried heterosexual couple to be denied base housing

Question 25

Societal Attitudes

Answer 25

Early to mid-1900's societal shift: from sinner to sickness: - 1973 APA removed homosexuality from list of mental disorders - No differences in psychological adjustment between gays and straights - Sexual reorientation therapy doesn't work but gay affirmative therapy is helpful

Question 26

Societal Attitudes

Answer 26

Homophobia: - Anti-homosexual attitudes, irrational fears of self-loathing - May legitimize hate crimes directed as gays - Hate Crimes Statistics Act: pushed for sexual orientation, extremely simplistic, sentence is double

Question 27

Societal Attitudes

Answer 27

Causes of homophobia and hate crimes: - Lack of acceptance - Traditional gender role stereotypes - Extreme manifestation of cultural norms - Denial of homosexual feelings

Question 28

By Default Theory (Psychosocial Theory)

Answer 28

Unhappy relationships in heterosexual experiences can cause a person to become homosexual

Question 29

Seduction Myth (Psychosocial Theory)

Answer 29

Some people believe seducing them into liking the same sex relationship

Question 30

Freud's Theory (Psychosocial Theory)

Answer 30

Unacceptable patterns of childhood experiences and lack of research support; you need to have the right kind of upbringing

Question 31

Choice Theory (Psychosocial Theory)

Answer 31

May be more important for women than men; men are more likely to be sexually advantaged than women

Question 32

Biological Theories (Psychosocial Theory)

Answer 32

Brain differences (LeVay); structural differences, confounds, and lack of replication

Question 33

Psychosocial Theories

Answer 33

1. By Default Theory 2. Seduction Myth 3. Freud's Theory 4. Choice Theory 5. Biological Theories

Question 34

Bisexuality (Further)

Answer 34

- Their bisexuality is often unknown because of the assumption that people are straight or gay - They are aroused by both male-male, male-female videos; but even more with male-female-male. - Heterosexual and homosexual people are sometimes judgmental towards bisexuals - Performative bisexuality is for the pleasure of the opposite sex to make them feel sexy and desirable