What is a system?
A group of individuals who interrelate to from a whole
What are the three concepts within system approaches?
- Nonsummativity (whole is greater than sum of its parts)
- Homeostatis (system member will adjust to maintain stability)
- Equifinality (multiple ways to achieve the same goals)
How would you describe organizational culture?
How and why do organizations develop values, beliefs, norms and ways of communicating?
Deal & Kennedy?
Culture as something an organization ‘has’
Schein
Culture as something an organization ‘is’
What are the assumptions of ‘has’ (Deal & Kennedy)
- Value: core beliefs
- Heroes: people who represent the values
- Rites and rituals: public performances
- Cultural network: informal process
4 types of cultures by Deal and Kennedy
- Work hard play hard (sales organizations)
- Tough guy macho culture (advertising)
- Process culture (banking)
- Bet the company (oil)
What are the assumptions of ‘is’ (Schein)
- Artifacts (observable, architecture)
- Values (preferences about how situations should be handled)
- Assumptions (viewpoint about the world)
How would you describe organizational assimilation?
How individuals (newcomers) become integrated into the culture of an organization
What are the core components of organizational assimilation?
- Vocational anticipatory socialization (idea about the workplace)
- Anticipatory socialization (learn about the organization)
- Encounter (making sense of the organization culture (culture shock)
- Metamorphosis (change to meet the standards of the organization)
How would you describe organization identification and control?
How is power enacted in the organization?
What are the three main concept of organizational identification and control?
- Identification (oneness with the organization)
- Control (get things done)
- Discipline (responsibiity)
What are the 5 types of control?
- Simple control (fired)
- Technological control (candy line)
- Bureaucratic control (handbooks)
- Unobtrusive control (values)
- Concertive control (social control)
Houw would you describe (wick’s) organizing theory?
How can organizational members reduce ambiguous messages?
What is equivocality?
The ambiguity of information available to organization, there may be multiple understandings for the information. Individuals must decide which of the multiple interpretations is the best fit.
What are the ways to reduce equivocality?
- Rules of the organization one how to respond to it and analyzing the equivocality
- Double interacts: interdependent relationships in the process of communication consisting of act, response and adjustment
