chapters 31 + 32

Question 1

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 1

Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall leased oil-rich public lands in Wyoming to private investors w/o competitive bidding. He received a bribe of $100,000

Question 2

Republican laissez-faire economics

Answer 2

Lack of govt. regulation (laissez-faire economics) led to corporations expanding & antitrust laws being ignored

Question 3

attack on Progressive legislation

Answer 3

The Supreme Court reversed previous rulings on progressive legislation

Question 4

isolationism

Answer 4

Isolationism set in after the Great War (foreign policy approach where a country seeks to minimize its involvement in international affairs and conflicts)

Question 5

Washington Naval Conference (Five-power Four-power, and Nine-
power treaties)

Answer 5

Disarmament between the major powers was the major focus of the conference (1921-22)

The Five-Power Naval Treaty limited the amount of ship tonnage available to the U.S., G.B., France, Italy, & Japan

The Four-Power Treaty bound the U.S., G.B., Japan, & France to respect the status quo in the Pacific

The Nine-Power Treaty aimed at keeping the Open Door commitment in China

Question 6

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 6

62 nations agreed not to engage in offensive wars (defensive wars were still permitted). The naval treaties & this pact lulled the U.S. into a false sense of security. Other nations continued to militarize, leaving the U.S. behind

Question 7

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Answer 7

Tariffs rose as high as 38.5%

Question 8

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Answer 8

The highest tariff in the nation’s peacetime history: 60%

Question 9

McNary-Haugen Bill

Answer 9

Aimed to keep agricultural prices high by allowing the gov’t to buy up surplus goods & sell them abroad. Coolidge vetoed this bill twice

Question 10

Dawes Plan

Answer 10

In 1924, the Dawes Plan rescheduled German reparations payments by allowing U.S. bankers to loan money to the Germans, who would then pay reparations to G.B. & France, who would then pay their debt to the U.S.

Question 11

“rugged individualism”

Answer 11

The belief that anyone could be successful (Hoover)

Question 12

Oct. 29, 1929

Answer 12

The stock market crashed on Oct. 29, 1929: “Black Tuesday”

Question 13

Hoovervilles

Answer 13

Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression.

Question 14

causes of the Depression

Answer 14

Overproduction by both farm & factory, unequal wealth distribution, overexpansion of consumer credit, buying stocks “on the margin,” financial problems in the U.S. & Europe (stemming from WWI)

Question 15

Reconstruction Finance Corp.

Answer 15

Provided loans to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, etc.

Question 16

Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act

Answer 16

Outlawed yellow-dog contracts, forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions for nonviolent strike behavior, & protected collective bargaining

Question 17

Bonus Army

Answer 17

Veterans, organized through the American Legion, wanted “adjusted compensation” to replace lost wages due to the war

Question 18

Stimson Doctrine

Answer 18

Stated that the U.S. would not recognize territorial gains made by force

Question 19

“Good Neighbor” policy

Answer 19

Hoover sought to be a “Good Neighbor” to Latin American nations by abandoning the interventionism of TR’s time

Question 20

Election of 1932

Answer 20

FDR vs. Hoover

Question 21

The Brain Trust

Answer 21

Wrote FDR’s speeches

Question 22

FDR’s “Three R’s”

Answer 22

Relief, Reform, Recovery

Question 23

The First Hundred Days

Answer 23

More legislation passed than normal; first 100 days of FDR’s 1st term. Immediate goals = relief & recovery.

Question 24

New Dealers’ Progressive Ideas

Answer 24

Unemployment, old-age insurance, conservation, development of natural resources, restrictions on child labor.

Question 25

Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933

Answer 25

Invested the President with power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks.

Question 26

Fireside chats

Answer 26

FDR’s weekly radio reassurance to the public.

Question 27

Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act

Answer 27

Established the FDIC, insuring deposits up to $5,000 (now $100,000).

Question 28

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 28

Provided employment for about 3 million young men in a variety of projects: reforestation, fire-fighting, flood control, etc. Pay was sent home to their families.

Question 29

Federal Emergency Relief Act

Answer 29

$3 billion granted to the states for direct relief payments or for wages on public works projects.

Question 30

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Answer 30

Paid farmers to plow under crops and kill livestock to eliminate price-depressing surpluses.

Question 31

Home Owner's Loan Corporation

Answer 31

Assisted ~1 million households in distress by paying mortgages to prevent foreclosures.

Question 32

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 32

Catholic priest who attacked FDR’s programs on his weekly radio program.

Question 33

Senator Huey Long

Answer 33

“The Kingfish” from Louisiana who promoted a “share the wealth” program to give $5,000 to every family at the expense of the wealthy.

Question 34

Dr. Francis Townsend

Answer 34

Proposed a pension program for the elderly.

Question 35

Works Progress Administration

Answer 35

Spent over $11 billion on diverse public works projects. Jobs were found for people of all talents.

Question 36

National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer 36

An attempt to regulate industry and raise prices.

Question 37

National Recovery Administration

Answer 37

Designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed. It set up codes of fair competition, reduced hours, and granted labor more rights. ## Footnote (Blue Eagle symbol)

Question 38

Schechter Poultry Corporation vs. U.S. (1935)

Answer 38

Case that found NIRA unconstitutional (“sick chicken” case): Congress can’t use the commerce clause to regulate conditions in the poultry industry.

Question 39

Public Works Administration (Harold Ickes)

Answer 39

Spent over $4 billion on 34,000 projects.

Question 40

21st Amendment

Answer 40

Repeal of prohibition.

Question 41

The Dust Bowl

Answer 41

Eastern Colorado to Western Missouri: topsoil taken up by high winds.

Question 42

The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck)

Answer 42

Novel about the Dust Bowl and its effect on “Oakies” (1939).

Question 43

Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act

Answer 43

Suspended farm mortgage foreclosures for 5 years. ## Footnote Voided 1 yr. after passage by the Supreme Court.

Question 44

Indian Reorganization Act (Indian “New Deal”)

Answer 44

Encouraged tribes to establish local self-government and preserve their traditions.

Question 45

Federal Securities Act

Answer 45

Required promoters of stocks to transmit to the investor sworn info regarding the soundness of the stocks and bonds.

Question 46

Securities and Exchange Commission

Answer 46

A watchdog administration designed to oversee stock transactions.

Question 47

Public Utility Holding Company Act

Answer 47

Blocked the creation of supercorporations (holding companies), except where needed.

Question 48

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 48

Reformed the corrupt power authority in the TN Valley. Federally-guided resource management example that was a lasting success of the New Deal.

Question 49

Federal Housing Administration

Answer 49

Provided loans to individuals for new or improved housing.

Question 50

United States Housing Authority

Answer 50

Lent money to states for low-cost housing projects.

Question 51

Social Security Act

Answer 51

State and federal unemployment insurance & pensions for retired workers; also provisions for people with disabilities.

Question 52

Wagner (National Labor Relations) Act

Answer 52

The NLR Board reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and collective bargaining.

Question 53

Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Bill)

Answer 53

Established the 40 cent/hr. minimum wage and 40 hr. work week. Labor by children was forbidden.

Question 54

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

Answer 54

Broke from the AF of L in 1938, but regrouped in 1955.

Question 55

20th Amendment

Answer 55

Shortened the “lame-duck” period between election and inauguration by 6 weeks.

Question 56

Election of 1936

Answer 56

FDR vs. Alfred Landon.

Question 57

John Maynard Keynes

Answer 57

British economist who believed planned deficit spending can turn the economy around; gov’t doesn’t need to maintain a balanced budget.

Question 58

Roosevelt Recession (1937)

Answer 58

Showed that FDR had not fixed the economy with his New Deal policies.

Question 59

The Black Cabinet

Answer 59

Informal group of advisors to FDR (20 members). Federal Council of Negro Affairs.

Question 60

Frances Perkins

Answer 60

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933-45; first woman appointed to the cabinet.

Question 61

FDR's “court packing” plan

Answer 61

For every justice over age 70, another could be appointed. Good plan for FDR to override the conservative vote! ## Footnote (Not successful)

Question 62

Eleanor Roosevelt’s contribution

Answer 62

Great influence on FDR; she toured around the country and reported back to him. Advocate for women: gave press conferences only to female reporters! Advocate for civil rights: pushed for diverse hires for key positions. Delegate to the UN.