Gender differences with anxiety?
3x - specific phobias
2x - agoraphobia and panic
Preparedness model
We are biologically prepared to develop phobias selectively to certain stimuli because doing so has evolutionary value
Anxiety medications
Benzodiazepines
Trichotillomania
recurrent hair pulling
excoriation disorder
repeated skin picking
Brain regions associated with OCD?
- Basal ganglia
- Orbital PFC
- Anterior cingulate cortex
biological treatments of OCD
SSRI, tricyclic antidepressant, Chlorimiprimine
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
occurs within the first FOUR weeks after exposure to trauma
PTSD prevention through early intervention
individual counseling and/or group counseling… discussions ASAP. Social support = crucial
critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) for PTSD
1-5 hr group meeting with people sharing the same experience (no empirical evidence supporting this)
Dissociative disorders
persistent, maladaptive disruptions in the integration of memory, consciousness, perception, or identity
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
hypothesized to be related to past trauma (such as chronic physical and sexual child abuse)
- 2 or > distinct personality states that take control over behavior w/ memory loss occurring
Dissociative amnesia
sudden inability to remember important personal information
Dissociative fugue
sudden, unplanned (but purposeful) travel away from home
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
persistent feelings of being detached from oneself or social/physical environment
abreaction
the emotional reliving of past traumatic experiences is thought to allow integration of the trauma into conscious experiences
latrogenesis
the manufacture of a disorder by its treatments
Conversion Disorder
- Symptoms mimic neurological disorders
- Make no anatomic sense
- Implies that PSYCHOLOGICAL conflicts are being converted into PHYSICAL symptoms
Somatic Symptom Disorder
- At least one and usually several somatic complaints (can be real)
- Symptoms presented in a histrionic matter
- Often begins in adolescence
Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Fear/belief that one is suffering from a physical illness
- Physical symptoms are absent or minor
Malingering
Pretending to have an illness in order to achieve some external gain
Factitious disorder (self)
individual imposes deceptive practices designed to produce signs of illness on self
Factitious disorder (on another)
normally mother on child
