Chapters 9-10

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

Structures made up of DNA molecules

Question 2

Chromatin

Answer 2

Entire DNA complex and the building material of chromosomes

Question 3

Somatic Cells

Answer 3

All body cells except reproductive cells

Question 4

Somatic cell make up

Answer 4

46 total, two sets of 26

Question 5

Gametes

Answer 5

Reproductive cells

Question 6

Gamete makeup

Answer 6

1 set of 23 chromosomes

Question 7

Sister Chromatids

Answer 7

Joined copies of the original chromosome (they contain identical DNA)

Question 8

Centromere

Answer 8

A region made up of repetitive sequences in the chromosomal DNA

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

The division of the nucleus and what’s inside

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 11

Mitotic phase

Answer 11

M phase, mitosis and cytokinesis, the shortest phase

Question 12

Interphase

Answer 12

Longer, 90% of the cycle

Question 13

Haploid

Answer 13

1 copy of each chromosome

Question 14

Diploid

Answer 14

2 copies of each chromosome

Question 15

Polyploid

Answer 15

More than 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 16

Aneuploid

Answer 16

Multiple chromosomes themselves (not copies)

Question 17

Ploidy

Answer 17

the # of copies of DNA in an organisms cells

Question 18

3 phases of interphase

Answer 18

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

Question 19

G1

Answer 19

prepares for DNA replication by synthesizing mRNA and proteins

Question 20

S Phase

Answer 20

When a cell replicates its DNA to prepare for divison

Question 21

G2

Answer 21

before mitosis – the cell is growing

Question 22

Mitosis order

Answer 22

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 23

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 23

consists of fibers made of microtubules and associated proteins

Question 24

Centrosome

Answer 24

Subcellular region containing material that organizes microtubules

Question 25

Kinetochore

Answer 25

Structure made up of proteins that assemble on specific sections of DNA

Question 26

Prophase

Answer 26

the first stage of cell division (mitosis and meiosis) where the cell's genetic material condenses to form visible chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle begins to form

Question 27

Prometaphase

Answer 27

the nuclear envelope breaks down and the mitotic spindle microtubules attach to the chromosomes at their kinetochores.

Question 28

Metaphase

Answer 28

the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

Question 29

Anaphase

Answer 29

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 30

Telophase

Answer 30

the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Question 31

Cleavage

Answer 31

process running cytokinesis

Question 32

Cleavage furrow

Answer 32

shallow groove on the cells surface, indicates cleavage

Question 33

Binary Fission

Answer 33

asexual reproduction of single cell eukaryotes

Question 34

G0 phase

Answer 34

non dividing state (most human cells remain in this stage)

Question 35

Growth factor

Answer 35

protein released to stimulate other cells to divide

Question 36

Density dependent inhibition

Answer 36

crowded cells stop dividing