CHF-Duan

Question 1

What are some important prototype drugs in treating congestive heart failure?

Answer 1

1. positive inotropic drugs–increase contractility
2. diuretics
3. ACE inhibitors & Angiotensin blockers
4. Vasodilators

Question 2

What are some important positive inotropic drugs?

Answer 2

***Cardiac glycosides–digitalis, digoxin etc.
bipyridines
sympathomimetics

Question 3

What are some important diuretics?

Answer 3

Loop Diuretics–***furoseumide & bumetanide

Aldosterone Antagonist-spironolactone

Question 4

What are some ACE inhibitors that are used for CHF?

Answer 4

**captopril

lisinopril

Question 5

What are some important angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 5

***losartan

candesartan

Question 6

What are some important vasodilators?

Answer 6

organic nitrates & NO donors: ***nitroglycerin & nitroprusside

• *hydrazaline
• *beta adrenergic blockers: **carvedilol, also: metoprolol, bisoprolol

Question 7

What is heart failure?

Answer 7

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder or damage that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood and is recognized by a characteristic pattern of hemodynamic, renal, neural, and hormonal responses.

Question 8

What are the primary symptoms of CHF?

Answer 8

Cardiomegaly (echocardiograph, x-ray)
Tachycardia (ECG)
Decreased exercise tolerance 
Shortness of breath (SOB) and other respiratory symptoms
Peripheral edema and pulmonary edema
Cachexia and malnutrition
Cyanosis