Child Development

Question 1

What are the 6 primitive reflexes?

Answer 1

Placing reflex - when dorsum of foot touches a surface, steps onto it

Palmar grasp - flexion of fingers when object is placed in palm of hand

Rooting reflex - turns head if touched near mouth

Sucking reflex - sucks nipple or teat placed in mouth

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex - fencing posture on turning head to one side

Moro reflex - on sudden head extension, symmetrical abduction and extension followed by flexion and adduction of the arms

Question 2

Which primitive reflexes disappear by 3 months?

Answer 2

Placing reflex
Palmar grasp
Moro reflex

Question 3

Which primitive reflex disappears by 5 months?

Answer 3

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

Question 4

What are the 4 postural reflexes?

Answer 4

Labyrinthine righting - head moves in opposite direction to which body is tilted

Postural support - when held upright, legs take weight and baby may push up (bounce)

Lateral propping - in sitting, the arm extends on the side to which the infant falls as a saving mechanism

Parachute - when suspended face down, the baby’s arms extend as though to save themselves

Question 5

When do the postural reflexes appear?

Answer 5

Between 4-12 months

Question 6

At what age do you stop correcting for prematurity?

Answer 6

2 years

Question 7

Gross motor development of newborn

Answer 7

Limbs flexed, symmetrical posture
Marked head lag on pulling up

Question 8

Gross motor development at 3 months

Answer 8

No head lag when head sitting

Question 9

Gross motor development at 6-8months

Answer 9

Sits without support
- at 6 months: rounded back
- at 8 months: straight back

Question 10

Gross motor development at 8-9months

Answer 10

Crawling or bottom shuffling or commando-crawl

Question 11

Gross motor development at 10 months

Answer 11

Pulls to stand
Cruises around furniture

Question 12

Gross motor development at 12 months

Answer 12

Walks unsteadily - broad gait, hands apart

Question 13

Gross motor development at 15 months

Answer 13

Walks steadily

Question 14

Red flags for gross motor development

Answer 14

Not sitting by 9 months
Not walking by 18 months

Question 15

Gross motor development at 3 years

Answer 15

Can jump from a step
Stand on one leg
Pedal a tricycle

Question 16

Gross motor development at 4 years

Answer 16

Can balance on one leg for a few secs
Can go up and down stairs one leg at a time
Pedal a bicycle with stabilisers

Question 17

Gross motor development at 5 years

Answer 17

Can skip with both feet