Chp 7 - Test Design Techniques

Question 1

What is the definition of a ‘Test Technique’?

Answer 1

A procedure used to define test conditions, design test cases, and test data

Question 2

What two main testing activities do test techniques support?

Answer 2

Test analysis (what to test) and Test design (how to test)

Question 3

List the three main classifications of testing techniques.

Answer 3

Black-box, White-box, and Experience-based testing

Question 4

What aspect does Test Technique Overview assist tester in?

Answer 4

1. Defining test condition
2. Identify the coverage items
3. Identify test data

Question 5

What is the basis for Black-box testing techniques?

Answer 5

Analysis of the component or system specifications.

Testing where only INPUT and OUTPUT are seen

Question 6

What is another name for Black-box testing?

Answer 6

Specification-based testing

Question 7

What is hidden from the tester in Black-box testing?

Answer 7

The internal code, functions, and processes.

Question 8

Who usually test with Black-Box Testing?

Answer 8

User / Customer

Question 9

List the four specific Black-box techniques mentioned.

Answer 9

1. Equivalence Partitioning
2. Boundary Value Analysis
3. Decision Table
4. State Transition Testing

Question 10

What is the core concept of Equivalence Partitioning (EP)?

Answer 10

Dividing data into partitions where all elements behave the same way

Question 11

Can equivalence partitions overlap?

Answer 11

No, partitions must be non-overlapping and non-empty

Question 12

How many tests per partition are needed for 100% EP coverage?

Answer 12

One test per partition is sufficient

Question 13

What defines a ‘Valid Partition’?

Answer 13

A partition containing values defined in the specification (accepted values)

Question 14

What defines an ‘Invalid Partition’?

Answer 14

A partition containing values that must be rejected or ignored.

Question 15

What does Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) focus on?

Answer 15

The minimum and maximum values (boundaries) of equivalence partitions.

-----|------------------|----------

     50                 90

Test number 50, 90 and number random inside the range

Question 16

What are the coverage items for 2-value BVA?

Answer 16

The current boundary value and its closest neighbor.

----|-|------------------|-|---------

     49 50                 90 91

Question 17

What are the coverage items for 3-value BVA?

Answer 17

The boundary value, its inside neighbor, and its outside neighbor

----|-|-|----------------|-|-|---------

     49 50 51               89 90 91

Question 18

What does Decision Table Testing analyze?

Answer 18

Combinations of conditions that result in specific outcomes

Question 19

In a Decision Table, what do the columns represent?

Answer 19

Feasible combinations of conditions (rules).

Question 20

What constitutes 100% Decision Table coverage?

Answer 20

Testing all columns of feasible combinations

Question 21

What element triggers a change in State Transition Testing?

Answer 21

Events trigger transitions from one state to another

Question 22

What constitutes 100% State Transition coverage?

Answer 22

When all states have been visited.

Question 23

List out 3 columns for State Transition Diagram

Answer 23

1. Starting State
2. Ending State
3. Transition

State 1 State 2 Event 1
State 2 State 4 Event 2

Question 24

What is the basis for White-box testing techniques?

Answer 24

The internal structure or code of the component

Question 25

Who typically performs White-box testing?

Answer 25

The programmer

Question 26

List out 2 common White-box Testing Technique

Answer 26

1. Statement Testing 2. Branch Testing ## Footnote Branch Testing is industry standard

Question 27

What is the goal of Statement Testing?

Answer 27

Exercise/Visit all the statements in the code until it was visited at least once

Question 28

What is the 100 % coverage for Statement Testing?

Answer 28

All executable statements in the code have been visited at least once

Question 29

What testing does not guarantee that all decision logic has been tested?

Answer 29

Doesn't guarantee that all the decision logic has been tested

Question 30

What is the goal of Branch Testing?

Answer 30

To exercise branches in the control flow until coverage is achieved

Question 31

What constitutes 100% Branch coverage?

Answer 31

Executing all unconditional and conditional branches. ## Footnote Testing all conditional flow Read X --- if ( x = 3 ) , is a control flow

Question 32

What determines the effectiveness of Experience-based testing?

Answer 32

The tester's skills, knowledge, and intuition

Question 33

List the three Experience-based testing techniques.

Answer 33

1. Error Guessing 2. Exploratory Testing 3. Checklist-based Testing

Question 34

What is 'Error Guessing' based on?

Answer 34

Common knowledge of why software fails and the tester's experience

Question 35

What characterizes 'Exploratory Testing'?

Answer 35

Designing, executing, and evaluating tests simultaneously while learning

Question 36

When is Exploratory Testing most useful?

Answer 36

1. Tester have experience 2. Tester have domain knowledge 3. Tester are creative and curious

Question 37

What are the checklists in 'Checklist-based Testing' based on?

Answer 37

1. Tester Experience 2. Knowledge of user needs 3. Understanding why and how software fails.

Question 38

List out 4 checklist items for Checklist-based Testing

Answer 38

1. Functional or non-functional requirements 2. Graphical user interface properties 3. Quality characteristics 4. Test condition that need to be tested