Chp1 - Intro to Software Testing

Question 1

What is the formal definition of Software Testing provided in the slides?

Answer 1

A systematic process to evaluate and improve software reliability, performance, and compliance by identifying defects before deployment

Question 2

What is the reality from the Myth : Testing only involves running the software?

Answer 2

It also includes planning, design, review, and evaluation

Question 3

What is the reality from the Myth : Testing guarantees defect-free software?

Answer 3

It reduces risks but cannot prove the absence of defects

Question 4

Distinguish between Dynamic Testing and Static Testing.

Answer 4

1. Dynamic Testing involves executing the software to validate functionality.
2. Static Testing involves reviewing code and documents without execution to detect issues early

Question 5

Explain the difference between Verification and Validation.

Answer 5

1. Verification ensures the product is built correctly according to specifications.
2. Validation confirms the product meets user needs and intended use

Question 6

What does testing ensures?

Answer 6

Ensures software quality by identifying defects before deployment

It prevents failures in critical applications (banking systems, healthcare)

Question 7

List the 4 typical objectives of testing mentioned in the slides (Prevent, Build, Ensure, Provide

Answer 7

1. Prevent defects by identify issues in requirements, design or implementation.
2. Build confidence in quality for stakeholders.
3. Ensure compliance (contractual/legal).
4. Provide actionable insights for decision-making

Question 8

What is the focuses on Testing and Debugging?

Answer 8

1. Testing: Focuses on identifying defects and evaluating quality.
2. Debugging: Involves fixing identified defects.

Question 9

List out why testing is necessary? ( 3 )

Answer 9

1. Reduces the risk of operational failures and associated costs
2. Ensure software meets functional and performance standards
3. Demonstrates compliance with industry standards and regulations

Question 10

List out 3 benefits of Software Testing

Answer 10

1. Early defect detection reduces cost and time for corrections
2. Improves collaboration between teams by aligning understanding of requirements
3. Enhances software reliability and customer satisfaction through validation

Question 11

What is the difference between Quality Assurance (QA) and Testing?

Answer 11

1. QA ensures processes are correctly implemented to prevent defects.
2. Testing focuses on detecting and addressing defects in the product

Question 12

Define the relationship between Error, Defect, and Failure.

Answer 12

1. Error: A human mistake during design or coding.
2. Defect: A flaw in the software resulting from an error.
3. Failure: The manifestation of a defect when the software doesn’t perform as expected

Question 13

List out 3 root causes of defects

Answer 13

1. Miscommunication, complexity, and time pressure
2. Environment factors such as hardware issues
3. Identifying root causes prevent recurrence of similar defects

Question 14

List out 1 - 3 Testing Principles

Answer 14

1. Testing shows the presence of defects, not their absence
2. Exhautive testing is impossible except for trivial cases
3. Early testing saves time and money by detecting degects early in the lifecycle

Question 15

List out 4 - 7 Testing Principles

Answer 15

4. Defects cluster together in specific areas
5. Testing is context-dependent and must adapt to the project
6. The pesticide paradox: Repeated testing reduces effectiveness unless updated
7. The absence of errors fallacy: A defect-free product may still fail to meet user needs

Question 16

What are the 4 Levels of Testing?

Answer 16

1. Unit Testing
2. Integration Testing
3. System Testing
4. Acceptance Testing

Question 17

List out 2 types of Testing

Answer 17

1. Functional Testing ( Validates specific functions based on requirements )
2. Non-Functional Testing ( Evaluates performance, usability, scalability, etc )

Question 18

List out 2 types of Static Testing Techniques

Answer 18

1. Reviews: Peer Reviews, Walkthroughs to Identify Issues Early
2. Static Analysis: Tool-based checks for compliance and standards

Question 19

List out 2 Dynamic Testing Techniques

Answer 19

1. Functional Testing: Ensures the software behaves as expected
2. Strutural Testing: Evaluates the internal workings of the software

Question 20

What are the 3 key activities in Test Planning and Design?

Answer 20

1. Define scope, objectives, and strategies tailored to the project.
2. Design comprehensive test cases and scenarios based on requirements.
3. Ensure alignment of testing activities with project goals.

Question 21

What are the 3 key activities involved in Test Execution and Reporting?

Answer 21

1. Execute tests systematically, recording results and defects.
2. Provide clear and actionable reports on findings.
3. Facilitate informed decision-making by stakeholders.

Question 22

What are the 3 key activities involved in Risk-Based Testing?

Answer 22

1. Focus on high-risk areas to maximize efficiency.
2. Use risk analysis to guide testing priorities.
3. Ensures critical functionalities are thoroughly tested.

Question 23

What are the 3 key activities involved in Test Automation?

Answer 23

1. Benefits: Increases speed and consistency, reduces manual effort.
2. Challenges: Requires significant setup and maintenance efforts.
3. Identify suitable scenarios for automation to optimize ROI.

Question 24

List out 3 future of Software Testing

Answer 24

1. AI-driven testing for smarter defect detection.
2. Enhanced test automation with low-code/no-code tools.
3. Greater integration of testing in DevOps practices.