PSYCH 150 DR. BATES > Chp 9 > Flashcards

Chp 9 Flashcards

development (57 cards)

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1
Q

What are developmental milestones?

A

Specific normative events (crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors)

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1
Q

What is self-concept?

ERIKSONS toddlerhood stage==-> elem. school==->reevaluate in adolescence

comparison aids in sense of competence and creates motivation, ni teen years messages are internalized or rejected

A

an understanding of who you are as an individual. By 24-36 months old children can name or point to themselves indicating self-recognition

positive self-concept is important to healthy development.

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2
Q

What is continuous development?

A

development is a continous process.

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2
Q

What are styles of parenting according to Baumrind?

DIANA BAUMRIND

A

Theory of 4 Parenting Styles
1. Authoritative style
2. Authoritarian style
3. Permissive style
4. Uninvolved style
* parenting style is an important factor in nurturing a healthy self-concept and a child’s socioemotional growth.

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3
Q

What is discontinuous development?

A

takes place in unique stages occuring at specific times or ages.

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3
Q

What is Authoritative style?

A

parents give reasonable demands and consistent limits, expresses warmth and affection, and listens to the childs point of view.

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4
Q

How does nature infliuence developmet?

A

Biology and genetics

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4
Q

What is Authoritarian style?

A

the parent places high value on conformity and obedience. The parents are often strict, tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth. In contrast to the authoritative style, authoritarian parents probably would not relax bedtime rules during a vacation.

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5
Q

How does nurture influence development?

A

Environment and culture.

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5
Q

What is Permissive style?

A

the kids run the show and anything goes. Permissive parents make few demands and rarely use punishment. They tend to be very nurturing and loving., and may play the role of friend rather than parent.

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6
Q

What is Psychosexual Development Theory?

A

Theory posits that children’s pleasure seeking urges are focused in different erigenous zones. In each five stages

SIGMUND FREUD

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6
Q

What is uninvolved style?

A

The parents are indifferent, uninvolved and sometimes referred to as neglectful. They don’t respond to the child’s needs and make realtively few demands. This could be because of severe depression/substance abuse/extreme work culture. Parents provide basic needs but little else.

Children emotionally withdrawn, fearful, anxious, increase risk of subst

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7
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
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7
Q

What is Temperament?

A

innate traits that influence how one thinks behaves and reacts with the environment.

easy-> adapt well to change, ability to regulate emotions/ responsive
difficult-> negative emotions, hard to adapt to change/ withdrawal

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8
Q

What is Psychosocial Development theory?

A
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8
Q

What is adolescence?

A

a period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood.(12 to 18 years).

period between childhood and adulthood. socially constructed concept

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9
Q

What are the stages of psychosocial development?

A
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9
Q

What are physical developments during puberty?

Puberty can be source of pride or embarassment.

Early puberty in boys= strong, popular vs. early sexual activity & substance abuse

Early puberty in girls= teased, ogled vs. depression & eating disorder

A

Adrenarche and Gonadarche. The maturing of the adrenal glands and sex glands respectively.

Menarche and Spermache. The beginning of menstrual periods and the first ejaculation respectively.

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10
Q

What is the Cognitive Theory of Development?

A

JEAN PIAGET

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10
Q

What are primary and secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Primary-> organs specifically needed for reproduction: uterus, ovaries, testes

Secondary-> physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs, such as development of breasts and hips, and development of facial hair and a deepened voice.

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11
Q

What are schemata?

A
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11
Q

What is cognitive empathy?

A

relates to ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others. Increases in adolescence important to social problem solving and conflict avoidance.

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12
Q

What are assimilation and accomodation?

12
Q

What is psychosocial development?

ERIKSON

Study These Flashcards
A

adolescents ask the questions “Who Am I?” & “Who do I want to Be?” Some adopt values and roles their parents expect, others develop identities in opposition to their parents but aligned with their peer group.

13
What are the stages of cognitive development?
1. Sensorimotor 2. Preoperational 3. Concrete operational 4. Formal operational
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What is the emerging adulthood stage?
Period of lifespan development from 18 years old to mid-20's. In between time of identity exploration focused on work and love.
14
What is conservation?
14
What are the 3 distinct stages of Adulthood? | begins at 20 years old
Early, middle, and late.
15
What is egocentrism?
15
What is early adulthood?
Early adulthood: Physical maturation is complete, height and weight may increase slightly. Physical abilities at peak: strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, & cardiac functioning.
16
What is reversibility?
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What is middle adulthood?
Extends from 40's to 60s. physical decline is gradual, skin loses some elasticity, wrinkles visible. Visual acuity decreases during this time. Fertility gradually decline, onset of menopause, end of mentrual around age 50. Weight gain: abdominal area for men, hips and thighs for women. Hair turns gray
17
What are stages of moral reasoning?
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What is late adulthood?
extends from age 60 on. Last stage of physical change. Skin loses elasticity, reaction time slows further, strength diminished. Senses decline, brain no longer functions at optimal levels. Problems: dementia, memory loss, Alzheimer's disease.
18
What are the stages of prenatal development?
1. Germinal stage 2. Embryonic stage 2. Fetal Stage
19
What are the markers of prenatal development?
1. Fetal Stage (9 weeks) 2. Sex organ formation (12 weeks) 3. Limb extremeties (16 wks) 4. Hearing begins (20 weeks) 5. Lungs develop (24 weeks) 6. Brain grows rapidly (28 weeks) 7. Bones fully develop (32 weeks) 8. Muscles fully develop (36 weeks) 9. Full-term development (40 weeks) | Full term development is a month after birth of baby.
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What are the prenatal influences?
20
What is teratogen?
Any environmental agent-biological, chemical, or physical- that cuses damage to the developing embryo or fetus. | Alcohol and most drugs cross the placenta
21
What is the critical or sensitive period?
Each organ of the fetus develops during specific period in pregnancy. | There are regions of the brain that are susceptible during specific peri
22
What are newborn reflexes?
Healthy babies are inborn with auotmatic responses to particular forms of stimulation. (dissapear around 4-5 months old.)
23
What are the types of refelxes?
The rooting reflex--> The sucking reflex--> The grapsing reflex--> The moro reflex--> ## Footnote also display a strong sense of smell, can identity mother through olfactory skill.
24
What are motor skills in the physical development?
Motor skills refer to ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects
25
What are fine motor skills vs. gross motor skills
Fine motor skills focus on muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes and enable coordination of small actions. Gross motor skills focus on large muscle groups that control out arms and legs and involve larger movements.
26
What is attachment?
it is a long-standing connection or bond wiht others. Developmental psychologists are interested in how infants reach this milestone. Different theory
27
Who is Ainsworth? | MAGGIE IAINSWORTH
Attachment Theory
28
What is the Strange Situation Study?
A procedure where
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Who is Harlow?
30
Who is Bowlby | JOHN BOWLBY
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What is cognitive development?
****Complex changing process active in adult years vs. infancy and early childhood. **Crystallized intelligence**- info skills and strateges we have gathered over lifetime holds steady as we age. Late adulthood we experience a dcecline in **fluid intelligence** (info processing ablites, reasoning, and memory) | numerous changes due to length of years in adulthood ## Footnote cognitive decline can be delayed through engaging in mentally and physcally stimulating activities. Reduce impairment and dementia.
34
What is Psychosocial Development? | GEORGE VALLIANT
Activites, social connectedness, role of a person's culture aspects of healthy aging. Positive relationships with signifigant others in our adult years have been found to contribute to a state of well-being. Social conectedness and social support is an important aspect to positive aging.
35
What is socioemotional selectivity theory?
suggests that our social support and friendships dwindlw in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in our earlier years.
36
What is hospice care? | CICELY SAUNDERS [1967]
Aim to help provide a death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable environment. Terminally ill ppl able to spend their last days at home, | Created in 1967, Florence Wald founded in 1974 in the US ## Footnote - remain at home - not totally dependent on strangers - tend to live longer than non-hospice patients
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What are the 5 stages of grief? | ELIZABETH KÜBLER-ROSS
1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance | stages may occur in diff order. Hope in afterlife/faith coping mechanism ## Footnote The more a dying person fights death the more likely they are to remain stuck in denial phase others see it as a coping mechanism.
38
What is a living will or advanced directive?
written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants. Can include **health care proxy** a specific person to make medical decisions for you. For Ex: **DNR** or do not resuscitate order which is shared with close fam and firends. | influenced with religion, culture, and upbringing.
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key terms at end missing accomodation assimilation conception critical period discontinuous developmetn egocentrism embryo (Piaget) formal op stage mitosis prenatal care schema sensorimoto stage stage of moral reasoning teratogen zygote
PSYCH 150 DR. BATES
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