Chp.2 - Basic Exercise Science - Skeletal

Question 1

Skeletal system is composed of?

What are the functions? (4)

Answer 1

• bones + joints

- SUPPORT/protects, MOVEMENT, produces BLOOD, stores MINERALS

Question 2

Bone function? (2)

Answer 2

• resting ground for MUSCLES

- protects VITAL ORGANS

Question 3

What are joints? Uses?

Answer 3

• JUNCTIONS of bones, muscles, connective tissue where movement occurs

Question 4

Axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

• axial: skull, rib cage, vertebral column

- appendicular: pelvic, shoulder + extremities.

Question 5

Throughout life, bone is constantly renewed through a process called….

Answer 5

• remodeling

Question 6

Osteoclasts vs. osteoblasts?

Answer 6

BONE CELLS

• osteoclasts: REMOVES bone tissue
• osteoblasts: FORMS bones

Question 7

Epiphysis?

Answer 7

• end of long bones, spongy (CANCELLOUS),

houses much of the red marrow involved in RED CELL production. Also primary sites for BONE GROWTH.

Question 8

Diaphysis?

Answer 8

• SHAFT portion of long bone

Question 9

Epiphyseal Plate?

Answer 9

• connects epiphysis with diaphysis. Where growth of diaphysis occurs.

Question 10

Periosteum?

Answer 10

• dense membrane that covers all of bone except for joint.

- -> where tendons attaches to; has blood vessels, bone-producing cells…

Question 11

Medullar cavity?

Answer 11

• CENTRAL CAVITY of bone shafts where MARROW is stored.

Question 12

Articular (Hyaline) cartilage?

Answer 12

• white, shiny tissue that covers joints, helps reduce friction along with synovial fluid.

Question 13

Types of bones? (“filss”)

Answer 13

• flat bones e.g. ribs, cranial
• irregular bones e.g. vertebrae, pelvic, facial…
• long bones
• semasoid bones e.g. small bones in joint capsules or where tendon passes over joint; improves leverage and protects joint
• short bones e.g. carpals of hands and feet

Question 14

Bone markings? (2)

Answer 14

• depressions: flattened/indented; muscle attachment sites

- processes: projections where muscles, tendons and ligaments can attach

Question 15

Anatomic features of a long bone? (6)

Answer 15

• epiphysis
• diaphysis
• epiphyseal plate
• periosteum
• medullary cavity
• articular cartilage

Question 16

Vertebral column is a series of…. that houses the…

Answer 16

• irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae

- spinal cord

Question 17

Fancy word for joint motion?

Answer 17

• arthrokinematics

Question 18

Synovial joints vs. nonsynovial joints?

Answer 18

• synovial: 80% of all joints. Greatest capacity for motion. Held together by a joint capsule.
• non-synovial: no joint cavity. Little to no movement e.g. pubic bone, skull…

Question 19

What are ligaments?

Answer 19

• FIBROUS CONNECTIVE tissues that connect bone to bone and provides STABILITY as well as input to NS
• primarily made up of protein called COLLAGEN

Question 20

Exercise and effect on bone mass?

Answer 20

• weight bearing strengthens bones (resistance training, walking, pushups, stairs, dancing…)
• e.g. of none weight bearing is swimming and cycling.

Question 21

There are __ bones in the human body, of which approx __ are used in voluntary movements.

Answer 21

• 206

- 177