Three domains that are studies in lifespan development
- physical development
- cognitive development
- psychosocial development
cognitive development vs. psychosocial development
a. cognitive development is learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
b. psychosocial development is emotions personality, and social relationships
psychosexual theory
- developed by freud
- believes we are shaped most in childhood
- believes we are driven by sexual urges
- 5 stages of development
5 stages of psychosexual development
- oral- 0-1, mouth
- anal- 1-3, bowel and bladder control
- phallic- 3-6, genitals
- latency- 6 to puberty
- genital- puberty to death
Erogenous
producing sexual excitement or libidinal gratification when stimulated
Psychosocial theory
- developed by eric erickson
- believes there’s a social nature to development
- psychosocial task that’s mastered in each of the 8 stages
8 stages of the psychosocial theory
- trust vs. mistrust: 0-1
- autonomy vs. doubt: 1-3
- initiative vs. guilt: 3-6
- industry vs. inferiority: 7-11
5.identity vs. confusion: 12-18
6.intimacy vs confusion:19-29 - generativity vs. stagnation: 30-64
- integrity vs. despair : 65+
Secure base
parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings
secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized
- secure: child uses the parent as a secure base
- avoidant: unresponsive to the parent
- resistant: show clingy behavior but rejects mother
- disorganized: shows odd behavior around caregiver
Authoritative style
parents give children reasonable demands, express affection.
authoritarian style
parents place value on conformity and obedience, dont express affection
permissive style
parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
uninvolved style
parents are uninvolved, referred to as neglectful
socioemotional selectivity theory
as we get older our social support and friendships dwindle in number
cognitive theory
-developed by piaget
- focuses on cognitive growth in childrem
- cognitive ability develops in stages
- children develop schemata to help the understand the world
stages of cognitive theory
- sensorimotor: world experienced through sense and actions; object permanence
- preoperational: use words and images to represent things, but lack logical reasoning; pretend play and egocentrism
- concrete operational: understand concrete events and analogies logically, conversation and math
- formal operational: formal operations, utilize abstract reasoning; abstract logic and morals
schemata
concepts used to categorize and interpret information
-assimilation is incorporating info
-accomodation is changes made based on new info
teratogen
any environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus
rooting reflex, moro reflex, and babinski reflex
- rooting reflex: baby turns its head towards something that touches its cheek
- moro reflex- baby spreads arms and pulls them back when startled
- babinski reflex- the sole of the foot is pressed and the toes fan out
blooming period
neural pathways form thousands of connections during infancy and toddlerhood
pruning period
neural connections are reduced during childhood and adolescence to allow the brain to function more efficiently
adrenarch, gonadarche, menarche, and spermarche
- adrenarche: maturing of the adrenal glands
- gonadarche: maturing of the sex glands
- menarche: beginning of menstrual periods
- spermarche: first ejaculation
5 stages of grief
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
