CIC > CIC Organisms > Flashcards

CIC Organisms Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus sp.

  • associated with immunocompromised hosts
  • associated with construction dust
  • standard precautions
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2
Q

Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

  • usually food borne (ingestion of toxins)
  • standard precautions
  • descending weakness or paralysis in alert person
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3
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida sp.

-usual skin or mucous membrane infections

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4
Q

Shingles

A

Herpes zoster

  • standard precautions unless disseminated, the Airborne/Contact Precautions
  • prefer immune HCW to provide care
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5
Q

Chickenpox

A

Varicella

  • maculopapular evolving to vesicular skin eruptions (3-4 days)
  • lesions: monolocular, collapse on puncture
  • INCUBATION: 13-17 days
  • Airborne/Contact precautions
  • prefer immune HCWs provide care
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6
Q

Cholera

A

Vibrio chloerae

  • contact precautions
  • mortality: 50% within hours if untreated from circulatory collapse, renal failure resulting from profuse, painless diarrhea
  • INCUBATION: usually 2-3 days
  • not usually endemic in US
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7
Q

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

A
  • bacterial or viral
  • contact precautions if viral
  • adenovirus - common viral cause
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8
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A
  • prion
  • progressive dementia, death within 3-12 months
  • INCUBATION- 15 months-30 years
  • standard precautions
  • special equipment decontamination concerns
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9
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

Fifth Disease

A

Parvovirus B19

  • INCUBATION- 4-20 days
  • intrauterine infection:10% hydrops fetalis and fetal death
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10
Q

Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

INCUBATION: rapid 1-6 hrs

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11
Q

Cryptosporidosis

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

  • parasitic infection
  • diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, cramping
  • INCUBATION- 1-12 days
  • standard precautions
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12
Q

Staph aureus food poisoning

A
  • rapid incubation 2-4 hrs
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13
Q

Salmonella food poisoning

A

-semi rapid incubation- 12-36 hours

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14
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

  • usually manifests as skin infection
  • if inhaled, respiratory & GI tract infections
  • INCUBATION- usually within 48 hrs
  • PAPR/contact precautions during powder exposure
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15
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
  • Corynebacterium
  • Listeria
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16
Q

Clostridium perfringes food poisoning

A

-rapid incubation: 10-12 hours

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17
Q

Rotavirus food poisoning

A

-semi rapid incubation: 1-3 days

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18
Q

Campylobacter food poisoning

A

Moderate incubation:1-10 days

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19
Q

Vibrio food poisoning

A

Semi rapid incubation: 12-24 hrs

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20
Q

Norovirus and Norwalk-like viruses food poisoning

A

Semi rapid incubation: 1-2 days

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21
Q

Hepatitis A food poisoning

A

Slow incubation:15-30 days

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22
Q

Toxoplasmosis food poisoning

A

Slow incubation:10-23 days

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23
Q

Hanta virus

A
  • endemic southwest US
  • transmission: aerosolization of rodent excretia
  • INCUBATION: 2-60 days
  • standard precautions
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24
Q

Trichinosis food poisoning

A

Slow incubation: 8-15 days

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25
Giardia food poisoning
Slow incubation: 3-10 days
26
Hepatitis A
- transmission- fecal oral - incubation- 15-50 days - standard precautions
27
Hepatitis B
- transmission: bloodborne - standard precautions - INCUBATION: 45-180 days - vaccine - given at birth & 11-12 yrs of age
28
Hepatitis D
- Co-infection with Hepatitis B - INCUBATION: 2-8 weeks - transmission: bloodborne, not usually sexual - standard precautions
29
Hepatitis B antibodies
``` IgM -appears with symptoms during acute illness -can persist 3-12 months from exposure IgG -persists for life -marker for natural HBV infection ```
30
HBsAG
- hepatitis B surface antigen - infection marker - found in serum 1-2 months after exposure - if found greater than 6months - chronic infection
31
Hepatitis C
- 70% asymptomatic - INCUBATION: 2 weeks-6 months - transmission: bloodborne - standard precautions
32
Hepatitis E
- transmission: fecal oral - seen as imported infection if identified in US - standard precautions
33
HIV/AIDS tests
ELISA -positive 3 weeks to 6 months after exposure Western Blot -detects antibody bound HIV protein -seroconversion likely if "positive" detected at least 2 weeks after "indeterminate"
34
Influenza
- INCUBATION: 1-3 days - droplet precautions - PAPR/N-95 for aerosolization procedures
35
Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi - INCUBATION: 3-32 after tick bite - standard precautions - endemic northeast US - standard precautions
36
HIV/AIDS
- transmission: bloodborne - INCUBATION: 1-3 months - standard precautions
37
Legionella
- INCUBATION: 2-10 days - standard precautions - commonly found in tap water - must be inhaled to cause infection
38
Measles (Rubeola)
- INCUBATION: 7-10 days - airborne precautions through 4th day or rash - IgM detected 3-4 days after rash onset - immediately reportable to health department
39
Meningitis Meningococcus
Neisseria meningitidis - Gram negative diplococcus - droplet precautions until 24hrs effective antbx - prophylaxis for exposed HCW
40
Viral meningitis
- more prevalent during late summer | - most often seen in ages
41
Pertussis
Whooping cough - INCUBATION: 6-20 days - paroxysmal coughing that can last 1-3months - droplet precautions until 5 days effective antbx
42
Meningitis Pneumococcus
Streptococcal pneumonia - associated with otitis, skull fx, pneumonia - No HCW prophylaxis - standard precautions
43
Pediculosis
- head and body lice, crabs | - contact precautions until effective tx
44
RSV
- INCUBATION: 1-10 days - droplet/contact precautions - infects all ages, resp distress usually in young children & other immunocompromised populations - Common HAI on peds units
45
Gonorrhea
-INCUBATION: 2-7 days -S/S: male-penile drainage female- urethritis, PID -standard precautions -Gram stain & culture, antigen testing
46
Herpes Simplex 2
- INCUBATION: 2-12 days - blisters of lesions (mouth, perianal, fingers) - Contact Precautions for neonatal infection or disseminated blisters until lesions are dry and crusted - C-section if active vaginal infection to prevent neonatal exposure during birth
47
Syphillis
-INCUBATION: 10 days-3 months -Painless chancre & lymph nodes -maculopapular rash -can be latent for years -RPR or VDRL tests Standard precautions
48
Chlamydia
- INCUBATION: hours to 5 days - 25% males asymptomatic - Females: cervical discharge, pelvic pain - Standard precautions
49
Gram Stain
- classifies gram negative or gram positive - cell wall pepridoglycans - gram positive - gram positive - blue dye - gram negative - red dye
50
Tuberculosis testing
- Acid fast bacilli sputum or BAL specimen - CXR - identifies extent of disease - TST - shows presence of TB infection (previous or acute) may be slightly positive for atypical mycobacterium infections, e.g. M avium - Quantiferon gold -
51
Tuberculosis treatment
- usually treated 6-12 months, 18 months if HIV positive | - usually 4-5 medications regimen: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethabutamol, streptomycin
52
Sputum culture validity
-fewer than 10 epithelial cells
53
AFB cultures
first morning specimens for 3 days maximizes optimum results
54
ESBL
- extended spectrum beta lactamase | - MDRO due to microorganism enzyme that resists antimicrobials, usually penicillins and cephalosporins
55
MRSA colonization testing
-usually determined by PCR of nares, axilla, or perianal area
56
H. pylori
- gram negative | - associated with peptic ulcers
57
Gram Stain
- classifies gram negative or gram positive - cell wall pepridoglycans - gram positive - gram positive - blue dye - gram negative - red dye
58
Aerobic
needs oxygen
59
anaerobic
does not need oxygen
60
Shigella dysenteriae
- INCUBATION: 1-3 days | - disease caused with very small amount of inoculums
61
E. coli
- Enterotoxin producing | - traveler's diarrhea
62
Ova & Parasites
-best found with fresh stool specimen e.g., Giardia, toxoplasmosis, etc.
63
Wound cultures
-results more valid when drainage cultured after site cleaned
64
Oxacillin
Used to determine methicillin sensitivity
65
Dialysis fluids
- should be tested for microorganisms | - other routine environmental cultures not usually recommended
66
MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration
-susceptibility test that determines least amount of antibiotic (per millimeter) that impedes organism growth
67
Gram negative bacteria
- Neisseria, Enterococcus | - most rods and spirochetes
68
TB treatment
- 4 drug regimen - Susceptibility testing on isolates - 6 drug regimen in geographic locations with resistant strains - Direct observed therapy
69
Bacterial spores
-"protect" bacteria in adverse conditions allowing growth
70
positive TB skin test
- Prior exposure to M. tuberculosis - Prior BCG vaccination - Cross-reactivity to skin test antigens
71
Immune changes in elderly
- Delayed hypersensitivity - Defense against foreign antigens - Increased serum levels of IgG and IgA
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