CIC Terms

Question 1

Contamination

Answer 1

• microorganism presence

- no signs/symptoms of infection

Question 2

Biofilm

Answer 2

• thick film composed of cells and extra cellular materials

- protects microorganisms from disinfectant or antibiotic exposure

Question 3

Chain of Infection

Answer 3

• Causative agent
• reservoir
• portal of exit
• mode of transmission
• portal of entry
• susceptible host

Question 4

Exotoxins

Answer 4

• kills o immobilizes host cellular defenses
• usually secreted by gram + bacteria
  
  • Examples: toxins A&B from C. difficile & Panton-Valentine leukocidin from MRSA

Question 5

Endotoxins

Answer 5

• Surface component of gram negative bacteria
• Not destroyed by boiling or autoclaving
• sets off cascade responses, such as fever, swelling, vascular leaking, pain, shock
  - Example: cholera toxin -increased GI tract fluid secretions

Question 6

Colonization

Answer 6

• microorganism presence & growth (normal flora or pathogens)
• no tissue invasion or damage
• no infection

Question 7

IgG

Answer 7

• major circulating extravascular antibody
• late occurring
• Detects past exposure

Question 8

IgA

Answer 8

• secretory antibody
• resides in mucous membranes
• present in breast milk, saliva, tissues from bladder, prostate and GI tract

Question 9

IgE

Answer 9

• antibody associated with allergies

- stimulates release of histamine and inflammatory substances

Question 10

IgM

Answer 10

• first responding antibody after exposure
• intravascular
• usually present soon after and up to 6 months from exposure

Question 11

IgD

Answer 11

• antibody present on lymphocyte surface

- determines lymphocyte antigen specificity

Question 12

Neutrophils

Answer 12

• first in inflammatory response
• “left shift” - many immature neutrophils
• low neutrophil count - high infection risk
• absolute neutrophil count= total WBC times percentage of mature & immature neutrophils

Question 13

Basophils

Answer 13

• allergic response
• contain histamine
• no infection response

Question 14

Endospores

Answer 14

-survive heat, lack of water and exposure to toxic chemicals
-vegetative state until condition ideal to reproduce.
Examples:

Question 15

Eosinophils

Answer 15

• hypersensitivity reactions

- parasite response

Question 16

Normal flora

Answer 16

-bacteria commonly found on healthy body surfaces