Cinematography

Question 1

Shot

Answer 1

single uninterrupted series of frames

- a basic unit of expression in film, varying in length from brief exposure to full rolls

Question 2

Scenes

Answer 2

• several shots together

- have their own beginning, middle, and end

Question 3

Slow Motion

Answer 3

• recording images faster than they’re occurring
• faster than 24 frames/sec
• can be used for both comic and dramatic purposes

Question 4

Fast Motion

Answer 4

• filming rate is slower than 24frames

- sense of blur

Question 5

Freeze Frame

Answer 5

• still images within a movie
• created by repetitive printing in laboratory of same frame so that it can be seen without movement for whatever length of time

Question 6

Eye level shots

Answer 6

• helps put audience at character’s level, fuckin literally

Question 7

High Angle Shots

Answer 7

• camera positioned above the action
• aimed downward
• characters seem less powerful/ in control
• can put characters in frame so audience can see their demeanor/ state

Question 8

Low Angle Shots

Answer 8

camera below subject, aimed upward

• exaggerates size and volume of subject
• characters seem powerful

Question 9

Canted angle / Dutch angle

Answer 9

• diagonal line of frame

- signifies moments of imbalance or loss of control

Question 10

Overhead shots

Answer 10

• alienates characters

- typically extreme long shots

Question 11

Camera distance refers to…

Answer 11

the space between the camera and its subject

• determins how emotionally involved audience becomes with characters
• helps establish narrative, patterns, and motifs

Question 12

Extreme Long Shot

Answer 12

• human subject is small in relation to environment

- emphasis on environment as opposed to characters

Question 13

Long Shot

Answer 13

camera captures figure of protagonist in it’s entirety

- whole body is in frame

Question 14

Medium Long Shot

Answer 14

• captures human figure from knees up

Question 15

Medium Shot

Answer 15

• situates human body in frame from the waist up

Question 16

Close Up

Answer 16

• Closes in on section of body

- ex) face, torso, legs, or hands

Question 17

Extreme close Up

Answer 17

partial face

ex) eyes, ears, fingers

Question 18

Camera distance that create sense of intimacy (focus on faces and emotions)

Answer 18

Medium Shots and Close Ups

Question 19

“Two Shots”

Answer 19

Contains two characters within the frame

Question 20

Reframing

Answer 20

shifting camera’s height/angle/distance merely to account for character positions.

Question 21

Pan

Answer 21

horizontal turning motion from fixed camera position

-

Question 22

Swish Pan

Answer 22

pan is executed so quickly it produces a blur

Question 23

Swish Pan can indicate two things…

Answer 23

rapid activity

or sometimes passage of time

Question 24

Tilt

Answer 24

refers to technique of tipping camera vertically from fixed position
- often simulates characters looking up or down

Question 25

Dollies

Answer 25

Mounts for cameras that allow horizontal fluid movement in tracking shots - crab dolly allows rotation

Question 26

Tracking Shots

Answer 26

- trace movement laterally or in and out of the frame

Question 27

Crane Shots

Answer 27

- moves camera across three dimensional movement

Question 28

Aerial Shots

Answer 28

- composes shots of great distance | -

Question 29

Hand held shots

Answer 29

- camera held manually - shots are shaky, owing to the motion of operator - sense of suspense and liveliness

Question 30

Steadicam

Answer 30

Worn by operator that holds camera in place | - glides smoothly with mobility that hand held has

Question 31

Camera Movement displays information in 5 ways

Answer 31

- reveals information dramatically - establishes character perspective - conveys sense of space - suggests mood - emphasizes continuity of space and time

Question 32

In the camera, lens focus light rays onto the

Answer 32

aperature

Question 33

depth of field

Answer 33

range of acceptable sharpness before and behind the plane of focus - determined by focal length

Question 34

Focal Length

Answer 34

Determines depth of field - different for all lenses - distance in millimeters from center of lens to plane where the sharpest image is formed while focusing on a distant object

Question 35

Long focal length create... what kind of depth of field?

Answer 35

shallow depth of field

Question 36

Normal Lens

Answer 36

27-55mm - mimics perception of regular human eyes - no spatial distortions

Question 37

Wide Angle Lens

Answer 37

focal length is shorter than 27mm - wide angle view - depth of field = exaggerated - shit's farther, yo

Question 38

Characters in wide angle lens (foreground and background)

Answer 38

- Foreground characters appear larger | - Background characters appear smaller

Question 39

Distance between foreground and background using a wide angle lens. How does this translate to character movement?

Answer 39

The distance appears greater than it actually is. | - character moving towards camera will look like they're fast as fuck

Question 40

Telephoto lens

Answer 40

- focal length 75-100mm - shallow depth of field - compresses distance between objects at different distances from the lens -

Question 41

Distance between foreground and background using a teleophoto lens. How does this affect character movement toward the camera?

Answer 41

distance appears less than it actually is. | -makes character movement appear slower than it actually is.

Question 42

Rack Focus

Answer 42

changes focus form plane of depth to another mid scene

Question 43

Split Screen

Answer 43

literally showing two different scenes within the frame

Question 44

Zoom Lenses

Answer 44

a lens with a variable focal length that allows changes of focal length while keeping the subject in focus

Question 45

Zooming In

Answer 45

switching from wide angle to telephoto

Question 46

Zooming Out

Answer 46

Switching from telephoto lens to wide angle.

Question 47

Trombone Shot`

Answer 47

tracking inward/outward as the camera zooms inward/outward | - creates fear or disarray

Question 48

Neutral Density filters

Answer 48

absorb all wavelengths and permit less light overall to strike the film stock

Question 49

Polarizing filters

Answer 49

increase color saturation and contrast in outdoor shots

Question 50

Diffusion Filters

Answer 50

- enhance human face (no blemishes) - softens image and creates dreamy, romantic look - blurry image seen in love scenes - soft focus

Question 51

Fog Filters

Answer 51

- glass surface with numerous etches spots that refract light - water droplet" appearance

Question 52

Day for Night

Answer 52

- practice of shooting during the day but using filters and underexposure to create the illusion of nighttime

Question 53

Exposure

Answer 53

refers to amount of light striking aluminum layer of film stock - light passes through shutter

Question 54

Overexposure

Answer 54

occurs when more light is required to produce an image

Question 55

images created with overexposure

Answer 55

high contrast, glaring light, washed outshadows

Question 56

underexposure

Answer 56

too little light strikes the film

Question 57

images created with underexposure

Answer 57

dark areas in an underexposed image will appear very dense

Question 58

What's the difference between a long take and a long shot?

Answer 58

Long take = Duration of shot | Long shot = long camera distance from subject

Question 59

Deep Focus

Answer 59

sharp definition whatever their distance form the lens

Question 60

Shallow Focus

Answer 60

one area of focus